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NEW YORK - The world's major powers have agreed to delay a vote on tougher sanctions on Iran until late November at the earliest, depending on reports by the UN nuclear watchdog and a European Union negotiator.
The outcome was a temporary setback for the United States and
France, which have sought to step up economic and political pressure on the Islamic Republic over its refusal to halt uranium enrichment, which the West suspects is aimed at developing nuclear arms.
Foreign ministers of the United States, Russia, China, Germany, France and Britain asked EU foreign policy chief Javier Solana to hold more talks with Iran's national security chief, Ali Larijani, while the International Atomic Energy Agency tries to clear up doubts about past nuclear activities.
"We agree to finalize a text for a third UN Security Council sanctions resolution ... with the intention of bringing it to a vote ... unless the November reports of Dr. Solana and (IAEA chief) Dr. (Mohamed) ElBaradei show a positive outcome of their efforts," they said in a joint statement.
The decision to make another stab at the European Union-led diplomacy while brandishing the threat of fresh sanctions if it fails appeared to reflect a compromise among the major powers.
In a sign of the divisions, Russia stressed negotiations while the United States emphasized the threat of sanctions.
"What we discussed is to concentrate on doing everything to help negotiations to succeed," Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov told reporters.
In contrast, US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice told reporters the big powers would carefully assess whether the IAEA and EU make headway, adding "we can move to Security Council sanctions should there not be progress."
The group's political directors are likely to meet twice over the next month to draft a new sanctions resolution ahead of reports from the EU3 and IAEA in November.
14 possible sanctions
Major powers have drafted a list of 14 possible sanctions that could be taken against Iran over its nuclear programme, but there is no agreement on any of the measures, French Foreign Minister Bernard Kouchner said.
After attending a meeting of the United States, Russia, China, France, Germany, Britain and the European Union, Kouchner told reporters the potential measures ranged from financial and investment freezes to travel and visa bans, an arms embargo and possible restrictions on oil trading.
"Some sanctions we were in agreement on, others we were not," he said, noting that senior officials of the major powers would meet again to refine the list for inclusion in a draft UN Security Council to be discussed in November.
Asked whether some kind of restriction on oil trading was on the list, he said: "I didn't say that it was not. A lot of things are on the list."
He also said he would write this weekend to France's EU partners calling for a discussion on European sanctions on Iran at the next foreign ministers' meeting on Oct. 15.
Kouchner said he expected that some European states would initially reject the idea of taking separate sanctions outside the UN framework, but he wanted to start the debate.
"Unity over haste"
A European diplomat involved in the process called the statement "a victory for unity over haste," noting that tough negotiations lay ahead both on the content of possible sanctions and on what would constitute progress by Iran.
Russia and China opposed an early move to tighten economic sanctions, saying Tehran should be given more time to cooperate with the IAEA to shed light on its past activities.
Iran's foreign minister, speaking as the major powers met elsewhere in New York, defiantly said sanctions would not change what he called Tehran's "rational" nuclear policy.
Manouchehr Mottaki told the Asia Society: "Sanctions as a political tool for exerting pressure is ineffective in making Iran change its basically rational policy choice."
Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's defiant statements at the UN General Assembly this week that the nuclear issue is "closed" and that Tehran will ignore the Security Council appeared to have little effect on the debate.
Iran says its nuclear program is to generate power so that it can export more of its valuable oil and gas.
Despite Western criticism of ElBaradei's agreement with Iran on a work program to clear up questions on its past nuclear activities, seen in Washington as a tactic to stall sanctions and evade the central issue of halting enrichment, the major powers' statement welcomed the accord.
"We call upon Iran, however, to produce tangible results rapidly and effectively by clarifying all outstanding issues and concerns on Iran's nuclear program, including topics which could have a military nuclear dimension," the ministers said.
Rice held separate back-to-back meetings, first with all six foreign ministers, then with just the three Europeans.
Diplomats said the purpose was to press the Europeans to take their own measures to restrict trade credits, investment and financial flows with Iran if Washington could not get Moscow and Beijing to agree to early UN action.
Many European officials were hesitant about acting outside the UN framework, arguing that the unity of the international community so far has surprised and shaken Iranian leaders, and that any split would be easy for Tehran to exploit.
"I believe that what impresses Iran the most is the unity of the six. Iran's strategy is to split the six but it hasn't succeeded so far," said German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier.
European investment in Iran is already falling dramatically -- British Foreign Secretary David Miliband cited a 40 per cent fall in the first half of this year.
- REUTERS
