It had threatened Kabul with retaliation if it fails to hand him over.
Powell said the United States would not stop at bin Laden and would do all it could to destroy his al Qaeda organisation and any other group suspected of "terrorism".
"It's that network we have to go after, because you can't leave a part of that network untouched in order to perpetrate another terrorist attack at some point against somebody else.
"It is a very broad network. I've sort of likened al Qaeda to something like a holding company, and bin Laden is the chairman, chief executive officer, treasurer," he said.
Powell said the United States and its allies were prepared for a long battle against terrorism and that they would be careful not to target ordinary Afghans.
"We're embarking upon a long campaign that we will win if we start to see these kinds of incidents disappear from our public life," he said.
"We are not going after the Afghan people. We will be very careful whatever we do...to make sure that people see in our actions that we are not going after the Afghan people, we are not going after Muslims, we are not going after Arabs, we are going after terrorists."
- REUTERS
Map: Opposing forces in the war against terror
Afghanistan facts and links
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