Biden amassed a sizable and diverse coalition of young, women, college-educated, urban and Black voters. Some 38 per cent of his support came from voters of colour.
Trump marshalled his overwhelmingly white and rural supporters to turn out voters in the places that powered his victory four years ago.
He held on to 62 per cent of white voters without a college degree, despite Biden's hopes of peeling off large numbers of those voters. And in some competitive states, like Nevada and Florida, Trump ate away at Biden's support among Latinos.
The competing coalitions expressed two different sets of priorities for the country, and two diverging views on which candidate could better address those worries.
More voters — both nationwide and in key battlegrounds — said the former vice-president would be better able to handle the coronavirus pandemic, the top concern for 41 per cent of voters.
But Trump bested Biden on the question of who would be better to rebuild an economy besieged by nearly 11 million job losses and small businesses staring down a bleak winter. Twenty-eight per cent of voters nationally ranked the economy as the most pressing issue.
The contrast in top concerns dominated the race between Trump and Biden, which concluded with the candidates locked in tight races across the battleground states.
Biden warned that the economy can never fully heal unless the coronavirus is first contained and businesses can fully reopen.
Trump argued that the economy should not be a casualty of the disease and maintained, without evidence, that the nation was "rounding the turn."
Trump voters largely embraced that view and expressed strong endorsement of their candidate. About 8 in 10 said their vote was in support of him, not in opposition to Biden.
They continued to clamour for a shakeup of the political system and said they were pleased with the way Trump has changed the way things work in Washington.
A majority of Biden voters, however, described themselves as angry with the way the federal government was working.
Biden voters were also far more concerned about racism in the US, after a year of rising tensions, peaceful demonstrations and sometimes-violent clashes over racial justice issues.
Nearly all Biden voters called racism a serious problem in US society and in policing, including about 7 in 10 who called it "very" serious.
AP VoteCast is a nationwide survey of more than 133,000 voters and nonvoters conducted for AP by NORC at the University of Chicago.
Millions of voters rushed to cast their ballots early, and did so with a clear sense of anxiety and worry. Six in 10 voters — including most Biden voters and about a quarter of Trump voters — said they think things in the country are on the wrong track.
Trump's campaign tried to make the handling of the economy a top selling point for his re-election, an uphill battle as unemployment spiked to double digits earlier.
A comeback has recently showed signs of stalling as federal aid lapsed because the Trump Administration and House Democrats could not reach a compromise.
Only about four in 10 voters said the economy was good or excellent, with the rest describing conditions as not so good or poor.
The coronavirus outbreak has claimed more than 232,000 American lives and has been surging across the country in recent weeks.
Still, voters were divided on whether the nation has contained the spread of the virus.
About half of voters said the virus is at least somewhat under control, while half described the coronavirus as not under control.
Voters in key battleground states shared anxieties about the virus and its spread. In Wisconsin, which saw an October spike in cases, 45 per cent of voters said the pandemic was the top issue facing the country, and 57 per cent said it was not under control.
About two-thirds said the government should prioritise stopping its spread even if it means economic pain.
About half of Wisconsin voters said that Biden would do a superior job combating the virus, roughly the same as in Michigan and Pennsylvania.
Trump had an edge in stewarding the economy, with roughly half of voters in these states saying he would do better than Biden.
More than 100 million Americans rushed to vote early and by mail, taking advantage of new rules intended to make voting safer and easier during the pandemic.
Trump has sought to sow doubt about the new voting systems and the legitimacy of the count, and claimed without evidence that some voters would cheat. The survey found about three in 10 expressing doubts that their votes would be accurately counted.
Concerns about voting were somewhat higher in Pennsylvania, another key state in the election, compared with other states: 36 per cent were not confident the vote count would be accurate.
Tensions over structural racism increased this summer after the police killings of several black Americans, which set off peaceful protests and in some cases riots, looting and violence. Trump positioned himself as a defender of police and cast the protesters as radicals — part of an appeal to suburban and older voters who he thought would embrace a law and order message.
But Trump's pitch to suburbanites appeared to have limited impact. When asked which candidate would be better able to handle policing and justice issues, suburban voters preferred Biden to Trump by a narrow margin.
Notably, majorities of voters in two battleground states — Wisconsin and Minnesota — disapproved of protests over policing. Both states saw violence and destruction during demonstrations after police shootings of Black men.
- AP
