Trump said Secretary of State Mike Pompeo will travel to New York on Thursday to present the US demand to reimpose the sanctions, accusing Iran of significant non-compliance with the 2015 nuclear deal.
The Trump administration wants to reimpose all international sanctions that had been eased under that deal. Other nations claim the US has no standing to make the demand because the Trump administration pulled the US out of the Iran nuclear deal two years ago.
Pompeo and Trump have made no secret of their intention to invoke the rare and controversial diplomatic move in the wake of the administration's defeat at the United Nations last week on extending the arms embargo. The US won just one other "yes" vote, with China and Russia opposed and the 11 other members abstaining.
As with the arms embargo, Russia and China bitterly oppose reimposing sanctions on Iran. So do other Security Council members, including US allies Britain and France, a dispute that could result in a battle over the legitimacy of the UN's most powerful body.
"Iran's support for its proxies in Syria only helps to bolster the Assad regime and undermine the UN process," said US Ambassador Kelly Craft in remarks at Wednesday's council meeting on Syria. "How will giving Iran access to more weapons serve the interests of international peace and security?"
The Trump administration seeks to reimpose all UN sanctions against Iran under the so-called "snapback" mechanism that was approved with the 2015 nuclear deal between Tehran and six major powers. Under the deal, Tehran received billions of dollars in sanctions relief in exchange for curbs on its nuclear programme. The "snapback" mechanism was created in the event Tehran was proven to be in violation of the accord.
While other members of the UN Security Council say the US no longer has any say regarding the Iran deal, the Trump administration argues that it retains its standing as an original participant in the accord and as a permanent member of the Security Council that endorsed the agreement.
Trump said that when the United States entered the deal, it was clear that the US always would have the right to invoke a reimposition of the UN sanctions.
That's not how other countries see it.
Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi said that since the US is no longer a party to the nuclear deal it "has no right to demand the Security Council to activate the rapid reinstatement of sanctions mechanism."
Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov accused the Trump administration of unleashing a politically motivated campaign against Iran and called for "universal condemnation" of the US attempt to impose a permanent arms embargo on the Islamic Republic.
Speaking to reporters Wednesday, Pompeo defended the US decision to invoke the snapback provision. It's unclear whether other members of the council can stop it through technical procedural means.
"This will be a fully valid enforceable Security Council resolution and we have every expectation that it will be enforced just like every other Security Council resolution that is in place," said Pompeo, who is to meet Thursday with UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres at his residence. "We will be in full compliance with that and we have every expectation that every country in the world will live up to its obligations."
The administration's position is that once it has notified the council that it is invoking "snapback," all the UN sanctions will be reimposed in 30 days. That's because the US would veto any resolution that attempts to prolong the sanctions relief. The administration's view is that once those 30 days have passed, any country that doesn't enforce the UN sanctions will be hit with US penalties for violating a binding UN Security Council action.
What the administration's position does not account for, however, is a scenario in which the rest of the world simply ignores the United States on the grounds that it no longer has legal standing to invoke snapback. There is also the theory that America's sanctions architecture won't be able to effectively handle such a massive enforcement exercise on its own. Other countries may also hedge their bets pending the outcome of the November 3 US presidential election, believing that Democratic nominee Joe Biden would reverse Trump's decision should the president fail to win a second term.
The US argument is highly controversial. Not only has it been ridiculed by the Chinese, Russians and Europeans, not even the biggest Iran hawks in the United States all agree with it.
Former Trump national security adviser John Bolton, who has long held anti-Iran positions, has said the US lost its snapback standing when it withdrew from the deal and moving ahead is not worth the damage it could do to US veto power in the council.
In a rare moment of agreement, Iran's Foreign Minister Mohammed Javad Zarif praised Bolton this week. "At least he is consistent — a trait notably absent in this US administration," Zarif tweeted.
Former US Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs Wendy Sherman, a lead negotiator of the nuclear deal during the Obama administration, said, "It was never expected that someone who withdrew from the (deal) would have standing to in fact bring the snapback provision."
- AP
