Former US president Donald Trump in New York City on August 15, 2021. Photo / Getty Images
ANALYSIS:
A recent Washington demonstration supporting those charged with crimes for the January 6 insurrection at the US Capitol fizzled, with no more than 200 demonstrators showing up. The organisers had promised 700 people would turn out – or more.
But the threat from far-right insurrectionists is not over.
For months, my colleagues and I at the University of Chicago Project on Security and Threats have been tracking insurrectionist sentiments in US adults, most recently in surveys in June.
We have found that 47 million American adults – nearly one in five – agree with the statement that "the 2020 election was stolen from Donald Trump and Joe Biden is an illegitimate president".
Of those, 21 million also agree that "use of force is justified to restore Donald J. Trump to the presidency".
Our survey found that many of these 21 million people with insurrectionist sentiments have the capacity for violent mobilisation. At least 7 million of them already own a gun, and at least 3 million have served in the US military and so have lethal skills.
Of those 21 million, 6 million said they supported right-wing militias and extremist groups, and 1 million said they are themselves or personally know a member of such a group, including the Oath Keepers and Proud Boys.
Only a small percentage of people who hold extremist views ever actually commit acts of violence, but our findings reveal how many Americans hold views that could turn them toward insurrection.
In June 2021, our group commissioned a survey done by the independent, non-partisan researchers at NORC at the University of Chicago, seeking to discover how widespread insurrectionist sentiments are among US adults.
The research methods meet the highest standards in the polling industry – a random sample of a representative sample. It's the same process NORC uses to conduct polling for The Associated Press, the US Government and other major institutions.
First, NORC pulls together a panel of 40,000 people, called AmeriSpeak, who are representative of the entire US population on dozens of characteristics, such as age, race, income, location of residence and religion. From that representative sample, NORC drew a random sample – in our case, 1070 people.
This polling found that 9 per cent of American adults say they agree with the statement that "Use of force is justified to restore Donald J. Trump to the presidency." And 25 per cent of adults either strongly or somewhat agree with the statement that "The 2020 election was stolen from Donald Trump and Joe Biden is an illegitimate president."
Overall, 8 per cent of the survey participants share both of those views.
The margin of error of this survey was plus or minus 4 percentage points. So when calculating the number of the 258 million adult Americans who hold these views, we looked at the range of between 4 per cent and 12 per cent – which gave us between 10 million and 31 million. The best single figure is the middle of that range, 21 million.
People who said force is justified to restore Trump were consistent in their insurrectionist sentiments: of them, 90 per cent also see Biden as illegitimate, and 68 per cent also think force may be needed to preserve America's traditional way of life.
Combined with their military experience, gun ownership and connections to extremist groups and militias, this signals the existence of significant mainstream support in America for a violent insurrection.
This group of 21 million who agree both that force is justified to restore Trump and that Biden is an illegitimate president has two additional views that are also on the fringes of mainstream society:
• 63 per cent agree with the statement that "African American people or Hispanic people in our country will eventually have more rights than whites" – a belief sometimes called "the Great Replacement".
• 54 per cent agree that "A secret group of Satan-worshipping pedophiles is ruling the US government," which is the key belief in the QAnon movement.
Some people with insurrectionist sentiments hold one of these political views but not the other, suggesting there are multiple ways of thinking that lead a person toward the insurrectionist movement.
This latest research reinforces our previous findings, that the January 6 insurrection represents a far more mainstream movement than earlier instances of right-wing extremism across the country.
Those events, mostly limited to white supremacist and militia groups, saw more than 100 individuals arrested from 2015 to 2020. But just 14 per cent of those arrested for their actions on January 6 are members of those groups. More than half are business owners or middle-aged white-collar professionals, and only 7 per cent are unemployed.
There is no way to say for sure when – or even whether – these insurrectionists will take action. On January 6, it took clear direction from Donald Trump and other political leaders to turn these dangerous sentiments into a violent reality. But the movement itself is larger and more complex than many people might like to think.
Robert A. Pape is a professor of political science at the University of Chicago.
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
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