Spacecraft survives unprecedented trip between Saturn and its rings

The view was captured by NASA's Cassini spacecraft as it became the first spacecraft to venture between Saturn and its rings. Photo / NASA via AP

Nasa's Cassini spacecraft has survived an unprecedented trip between Saturn and its rings, and has amazing pictures to show for it.

Flight controllers regained contact with Cassini on Friday, a day after it became the first craft to cross this hazardous region. The rings are made up of countless icy particles, any of which could have smacked Cassini. The spacecraft's big dish antenna served as a shield as it hurtled through the narrow gap, temporarily cutting off communications.

This combination of April 26, 2017 images show features in Saturn's atmosphere from closer than ever before. Photo / NASA via AP

"We are just ecstatic," project science engineer Jo Pitesky said by phone from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.

Cassini skimmed 3,100 kilometres above Saturn's cloud tops, closer than ever before, and came within 320 kilometres of the innermost visible ring. Scientists say the pictures show details never seen before - there's an incredible close-up, for instance, of the gigantic swirling hurricane at Saturn's north pole.

After 13 years of Cassini orbiting the planet, "Saturn continues to surprise us," Pitesky said.

Given their importance, data from the crossing are being sent to Earth twice, to make certain nothing is lost. It takes more than an hour for the signals to travel the approximately 1.6 billion kilometres between Saturn and Earth.

Twenty-one more crossings are planned - about one a week - before Cassini's fatal plunge in mid-September. The next one is Tuesday. Some of those passages will bring Cassini even closer to the planet as well as the innermost D ring. The gap between the rings and the top of Saturn's atmosphere is between 1,900 to 2,400 kilometres.

While risky, this 4 1/2-month grand finale is expected to yield a treasure trove of science. There's little to lose, even if the spacecraft is lost, given that its fuel tank is practically empty, according to NASA.

Cassini was launched in 1997 from Cape Canaveral, Florida, and reached Saturn in 2004.