Workers gather before the operation to refloat the Costa Concordia, seen in the background. Photo / AP
Workers gather before the operation to refloat the Costa Concordia, seen in the background. Photo / AP
Engineers have declared the crippled Costa Concordia cruise ship completely upright after a 19-hour operation to pull it from its side where it capsized last year off Tuscany.
Shortly after 4am (local time), a foghorn rang out on Giglio Island and the head of Italy's Civil Protection agency, Franco Gabrielli, announced that the ship had reached vertical and that the operation to rotate it was complete.
Applause rang out among firefigters in the tent where Gabrielli and other project engineers made the announcement.
Officials said there was no apparent pollution in the waters around the ship as a result of the operation.
This is a breaking news update. AP's earlier story is below. ***
In an unprecedented maritime salvage operation overnight (NZT), engineers gingerly wrestled the hull of the shipwrecked Costa Concordia off the Italian reef where the cruise ship has been stuck since January 2012.
But progress was much slower than predicted and the delicate operation to rotate the luxury liner from its capsized position to upright appeared likely to stretch into today.
Never before has such an enormous cruise ship been righted, and the crippled Concordia didn't budge for the first three hours after the operation began, engineer Sergio Girotto told reporters.
After some 6,000 tons of force were applied though - using a complex system of pulleys and counterweights - Girotto said "we saw the detachment" from the reef thanks to undersea cameras.
He said the cameras did not immediately reveal any sign of the two bodies that were never recovered from among the 32 people who died January 13, 2012, when the Concordia slammed into a reef and toppled half-submerged on its side after coming too close to Giglio Island.
Images transmitted by robotic diving vehicles indicated that the submerged side of the cruise ship's hull had suffered "great deformation" from all its time on the granite seabed, battered by waves and compressed under the weight of the ship's 115,000 tons, Girotto said.
The initial operation to lift the Concordia from the reef moved the ship just 3 degrees toward vertical, leaving the vessel some 62 degrees shy of being pulled upright. While a seemingly small shift, the movement was significant enough to be visible: A few feet of slime-covered ship that had been underwater slowly became visible above the waterline.
The entire rotation was originally expected to last as long as 12 hours. But as evening approached, work was clearly falling behind schedule. Hours after the rotation attempt began, the Concordia had moved upward only by a total of 10 degrees.
"It's taking longer than expected," Girotto said in a late afternoon briefing. "Even if it's 15 to 18 hours, we're OK with that. We are happy with the way things are going."
POLLUTION RISK
Officials stressed that so far no appreciable pollution from inside the ship had spewed out. Giglio Island is part of a Tuscan archipelago in a marine sanctuary where dolphins and fish are plentiful.
The salvage operation, known in nautical parlance as parbuckling, was used on the USS Oklahoma in 1943 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. But the 300-metre Concordia has been described as the largest cruise ship ever to capsize and subsequently require the complex rotation so it can be towed away in one piece and dismantled for scrap.
Engineers used remote controls to guide a synchronised system of pulleys, counterweights and huge chains that were looped under the Concordia's carcass to delicately nudge the ship free from its rocky seabed.
Later in the rotation process, a series of tanks fixed on the exposed side of the hull will be filled with water to help pull it down. That phase of the process should rotate the ship faster than the initial phase of winching, said Costa Crociere's project manager, Franco Porcellacchia.
Once the ship is upright, engineers hope to attach an equal number of tanks filled with water on the other side to balance the ship, anchor it and stabilize it during the winter months. The flat-keeled hull itself will be resting on a false seabed constructed some 30 metres underwater.
When it comes time to tow the ship next spring, the tanks will gradually be emptied of the water. That will make the ship buoyant enough to float off the seabed, with the tanks acting as the maritime equivalent of a giant pair of water wings.
WATCHING THE EVENT
A few dozen island residents gathered yesterday on a breakwater to witness the operation. One woman walking her dog sported a T-shirt with "Keep Calm and Watch the Parbuckling Project" written across it in English.
Others watched from afar. Kevin Rebello, whose brother Russell was a waiter on the ship and was never found, said he was in constant touch with the project managers as he monitored news reports.
"I haven't slept since yesterday," he told The Associated Press in an interview in Rome. "It's taken 20 months. If it takes another 20 hours, for me it's worth the wait."
Rebello plans to travel to Giglio Island today, even though he knows there's no certainty his brother's remains will be found. His hope is that someday he can bring his brother's remains home to Mumbai "to give him a decent burial".
"That's what me, my family, his wife and all of us are hoping for," he said.
Engineers have dismissed as "remote" the possibility that the Concordia might break apart during the salvage operation but set out absorbent barriers to catch any leaks of toxic materials from the ship.
Workers gather before the operation to refloat the Costa Concordia, seen in the background. Photo / AP
The reef sliced a 70-metre-long gash into what is now the exposed side off the hull, letting seawater rush in. The resulting tilt was so drastic that many lifeboats couldn't be launched. Dozens of the 4,200 passengers and crew were plucked to safety by helicopters or jumped into the sea and swam to shore. The bodies of many of the dead were retrieved inside the ship.
The Concordia's captain is on trial on the mainland for alleged manslaughter, causing a shipwreck and abandoning the ship during the chaotic and delayed evacuation. Capt. Francesco Schettino claims the reef wasn't on the nautical charts for the liner's weeklong Mediterranean cruise.
Parbuckling was supposed to begin before dawn, but the operation was pushed back by an overnight storm. After the storm blew away, seas were calm and the weather was sunny.
Costa Crociere SpA, the Italian unit of Miami-based Carnival Corp., is picking up the tab for the operation. The company puts the costs so far at €600 million, though much of that will be passed onto its insurers.
Despite the disaster, locals have come to appreciate the crews who have spent more than a year among them working on the wreckage.
Giovanni Andolfi, a 63-year-old resident who spent his career at sea, called the crews "the best brains in the field." But he was eager to see them finish.
