Saratu Dauda shares what happened after the terrorist group Boko Haram abducted her and her classmates. Photo / Taiwo Aina, New York Times
Their capture set off a global campaign to “Bring Back Our Girls.” But many are still missing, and kidnappings in Nigeria have proliferated.
Saratu Dauda had been kidnapped. It was 2014, she was 16, and she was in a truck packed with her classmates heading into the bush in northeastern Nigeria, a member of terrorist group Boko Haram at the wheel. The girls’ boarding school in Chibok, miles behind them, had been set on fire.
Then she noticed that some girls were jumping off the back of the truck, she said, some alone, others in pairs, holding hands. They ran and hid in the scrub as the truck trundled on.
But before Dauda could jump, she said, one girl raised the alarm, shouting that others were “dropping and running.” Their abductors stopped, secured the truck and continued toward what, for Dauda, would prove a life-changing nine years in captivity.
“If she hadn’t shouted that, we would have all escaped,” Dauda said in a series of interviews last week in the city of Maiduguri, the birthplace of Boko Haram’s violent insurgency.
Kidnapped from their dormitory exactly 10 years ago, the 276 captives known as the Chibok Girls were catapulted to fame by Michelle Obama, by churches that took up the mostly Christian students’ cause and by campaigners using the slogan “Bring Back Our Girls.”
“The only crime of these girls was to go to school,” said Allen Manasseh, a youth leader from Chibok who has spent years pushing for their release.
Their lives have taken wildly different turns since the abduction. Some escaped almost immediately; 103 were released a few years later after negotiations. A dozen or so now live abroad, including in the United States. As many as 82 are still missing, perhaps killed or still held hostage.
Chibok was the first mass kidnapping from a school in Nigeria — but far from the last. Today, kidnapping — including of large groups of children — has become a business across the West African country, with ransom payments the main motivation.
“The tragedy of Chibok plays over and over every week,” said Pat Griffiths, a spokesperson with the International Committee of the Red Cross in Maiduguri.
The Chibok Girls are only the most prominent victims of a 15-year conflict with Islamic militants that, despite the hundreds of thousands of people killed and millions uprooted, has largely been forgotten amid other wars.
More than 23,000 people in northeastern Nigeria are registered as missing with the Red Cross — globally, its second-biggest caseload after Iraq. But that is a vast underestimate, Griffiths said.
Before she was abducted, Dauda said, she was a happy teenager in a large, close-knit Christian family. She loved playing with dolls and dreamed of becoming a fashion designer. She was her father’s pet and adored her mother.
For months after being captured, Dauda said, the girls slept outside in the Sambisa forest, Boko Haram’s hideout, listened to a steady stream of Islamic preachers and fought over limited water supplies. When two girls tried to escape, she said, they were whipped in front of the others.
Then, she said, they were given a choice: Get married or become a slave who could be summoned for housework or sex.
Dauda chose marriage, converted to Islam and changed her first name to Aisha. She was presented with a man in his late 20s whose job was to shoot video of Boko Haram’s battles. Hours after they met, they were married.
He was not cruel to her, she said, but after a few months, he came home one day and found her playing with a doll she had fashioned out of clay and had made a dress for.
“You’re playing with idols? You want to cause me problems?” she remembered him saying. She got angry and left their home, staying with another girl from Chibok. When he realised she was not returning, she said, he divorced her.
She soon married another Boko Haram fighter, Mohamed Musa, a welder who made weapons, and over time, they had three children. Although she was still a hostage of Boko Haram’s murderous leader, Abubakar Shekau, and his henchmen, she said that they were given everything they needed, surrounded by people “who cared about each other like a family,” and that she was happy.
The Chibok Girls were treated far better than other kidnap victims, other escapees have said.
Musa said in a recent interview that Dauda refused to join the cohort of Chibok Girls freed in 2017 after government negotiations.
“There were many of them that refused to be taken home simply because they feared that their family would force them out of Islam,” said Musa, or that “they might be stigmatised.”
As the years went by, Dauda kept track of the friends from Chibok who died. Sixteen in air raids and bomb attacks. Two in childbirth. One as a suicide bomber, coerced by Boko Haram. One of sickness, and one of snakebite. She noticed that it was mostly women and children dying in the air raids and wondered when it would be her turn.
And life became harder. When Boko Haram’s leader died and its powerful offshoot, Islamic State West Africa Province, took over in the Sambisa forest, Dauda and her husband found themselves on the wrong side, she said, and under suspicion. They worried they would be made slaves. Late at night, in whispers, they talked about escape. But Dauda wanted to act faster than her husband and decided to go ahead. He refused to let her take the children, saying he would follow with them later.
At 3 am one day, she made a little bundle of food, looked at the faces of her sleeping daughters and said a short prayer for their protection. She ducked out of their home. She waited under a tree, checking that nobody had seen her. Then she walked for days through the bush, going from village to village, telling people she was on her way to visit friends and always leaving during morning prayer, when the men would be in the mosque and not see her going.
She met up with other fleeing women on the way, and last May, they handed themselves over to the military together. She had heard on the radio that the Chibok Girls had become a cause celebre, and finally she experienced it.
“Is this a Chibok Girl?” she remembered a soldier marvelling, when he learned her identity. “We are thanking God.”
It had been six years since the last negotiated release, and many families had given up hope. Manasseh said he despaired over the years as three governments failed to bring all the girls home and mostly stopped talking to the families.
“Silence,” he said. “It’s a giant government failure.”
Since Chibok, Nigerian schools have become a hunting ground for kidnappers of all stripes. In just one of many such instances, last month dozens — or possibly hundreds — of children were kidnapped in Kaduna state, hundreds of miles from territory controlled by Boko Haram and its Islamic State group offshoot. A few days earlier, hundreds of women and children were kidnapped in the northeast while foraging for firewood.
After surrendering, Dauda was taken to Maiduguri and enrolled in the government rehabilitation programme, for counselling and deradicalisation. A few months later, she got word that her husband had escaped with their three daughters, and they were all reunited.
She said she had dreamed of seeing her parents again, holding them, feeling their warmth. One day, she was allowed out of the government facility with her children, to visit them in their village, Mbalala.
She hugged her father and her mother.
“She was crying, and I was crying,” Dauda said.
Her father offered her and her husband a place to stay if they became Christians, she said. But she refused, saying she had become a Muslim freely and wanted to stay one, even if many people thought that she and other escapees were victims of Boko Haram’s indoctrination.
“I was not brainwashed,” she said. “I was convinced by what was explained to me.”
Two of her daughters are named for her friends from Chibok. Zannira, 7, was named for a girl who escaped. Five-year-old Sa’adatu is named for one still in captivity.
Recently, she said, her husband gave their girls a doll.
This article originally appeared in The New York Times.
Written by: Ismail Alfa and Ruth Maclean
Photographs by: Taiwo Aina
©2024 THE NEW YORK TIMES
Several Assad allies, including Maher and Mamlouk, sought refuge in Russia and Lebanon.