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An anti-war protester waved blood-coloured hands in Condoleezza Rice's face and shouted "War criminal!" but was pushed away and detained by police.
"The blood of millions of Iraqis is on your hands!" yelled the protester, Desiree Anita Ali-Fairooz of the Code Pink organisation, which often disrupts hearings on Capitol Hill with protests against the Iraq war.
Rice appeared unfazed by the incident. Police said later five people were arrested, including Ali-Fairooz, who was charged with disorderly conduct and assault on a police officer.
She was also charged with defacing Government property for smearing the red paint from her hands on the wall outside the hearing room.
The other four protesters faced disorderly conduct charges.