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The union representing state prison guards filed a formal notice that it will seek to recall Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, an effort his advisers say they are taking seriously.
The California Correctional Peace Officers Association criticised Schwarzenegger for what it called "catastrophic leadership failings and inept management" since he took office in 2003 - after the recall of then-Governor Gray Davis.
Schwarzenegger said it was a ploy to apply pressure for a large pay raise for prison guards. He said he would not be intimidated.