One of Hillary Clinton's top aides nailed exactly why she lost

Why did Clinton lose? Photo / AP

In the Washington Post's terrific oral history of the 2016 presidential campaign, there's a quote from Clinton media consultant Mandy Grunwald that is remarkably prescient.

Responding to a question about how Clinton could lose despite being ahead in every traditional measure of the campaign, Grunwald said this: "How it will happen would be that the desire for change was greater than the fear of him, the fear of the risk. ... That's something we talked about very early on - how do we make sure that people aren't comfortable making that leap because they'd like to go for change ... The question is what's the more salient question when they go vote."

That's it. That's the election in a nutshell: Change versus risk.

From the start, Hillary Clinton's general election campaign was heavily focused on making Donald Trump someone who voters not only disagreed with on issues but also who was fundamentally unqualified for the job he was seeking.

In a speech in early June in San Diego meant to define the parameters of the general election, Clinton said this: "Donald Trump's ideas aren't just different - they are dangerously incoherent. They're not even really ideas - just a series of bizarre rants, personal feuds, and outright lies.

"He is not just unprepared - he is temperamentally unfit to hold an office that requires knowledge, stability and immense responsibility."

That's how the Clinton campaign communicated with voters throughout the fall election. Sure, Trump is change. But he's dangerous change. He's change for change's sake that could leave us far worse off than we are today.

What's fascinating is that the Clinton campaign (or Grunwald, at least) didn't misread the electorate as conventional wisdom over the past six days has suggested.

She understood it was a change-versus-more-of-the-same dynamic - and that the desire for change was very, very strong.

Why did Clinton lose then? Because no one understood just how much people wanted change and how big a risk they were willing to take to put someone way outside of the political system into the White House.

Consider this:

• Just 38 per cent of voters said that Trump was "qualified" to be president. (52 per cent said the same of Clinton.)

• Just 35 per cent said Trump had the "temperament to serve effectively as president". (55 per cent said Clinton had the right temperament to be president.)

• One in three voters said Trump was honest and trustworthy. (Thirty-six per cent said the same of Clinton.)

Numbers like those in almost any other election would ensure a Trump loss. If the goal was to disqualify Trump or suggest that he represented too large a risk to take a chance on, numbers like that seemingly prove the Clinton campaign did its job. But, the desire for change last Wednesday was bigger than any worries Clinton was able to raise about Trump. Four in 10 voters said the most important character trait in deciding their vote was a candidate who "can bring needed change" to Washington. Of that group, Trump won 83 per cent to 14 percent. 83 to 14!!!!!

Think of it this way: You know a hurricane is coming. You build a 3m wall around your property to protect it from the storm surge, believing that the waters have never risen about 2m before so you should be plenty safe. Then a 4m surge happens. You're swamped not because you didn't see it coming or didn't plan for it but rather because something a-historic happened.

The past no longer became predictive of the present.

That's what happened to the Clinton campaign. They ran a campaign based on the old rules of the road. If your opponent is the change candidate, turn that change against him. Rather than refreshing change, turn it into dangerous change.

That all happened. And Trump still won.

Past is prologue only until it isn't anymore.