The new positioning comes as the Trump Administration moves to potentially exit a major nuclear weapons pact with Russia and possibly bolster US military operations in the heavens by forming a "Space Force."
The 1967 Outer Space Treaty outlawed weapons of mass destruction from space, including nuclear weapons, and stopped the arms race between the US and the former Soviet Union from entering space.
Pence said the 1967 treaty "does ban weapons of mass destruction in space, but it doesn't ban military activity. It actually is - it gives nations a fair amount of flexibility in operating for their security interests in space. And at this time, we don't see any need to amend the treaty."
In recent days, President Donald Trump has signalled a willingness to withdraw from or renegotiate long-standing treaties.
Trump told reporters last weekend in Nevada that the US would exit a landmark 1987 arms control agreement with the former Soviet Union, due to his belief that it constrains the US from developing its own weapons and that Russia has violated the pact.
Pence's remarks today came during a "Transformers: Space" policy summit hosted by the Post, where he provided an outline of the Trump Administration's plans for space in the coming year.
Pence announced in August that the Administration hopes to establish Space Force as the sixth branch of the US military as soon as 2020, the first since the Air Force was formed after World War II.
The National Space Council, convened by the White House and chaired by the Vice-President, met at the National Defence University. It will send a series of recommendations to Trump about creating a US Space Command that would oversee space activities.
Space Force, however, could meet resistance on Capitol Hill, where some conservative Republicans are reluctant to back a sweeping new federal programme. The Air Force has estimated that Space Force could cost US$3 billion in its first year and would likely need US$13 billion in its first five years. Some military leaders have criticised the proposal as too expensive and cumbersome.
On the GOP reluctance for more federal spending, Pence said, "I would just ask my old colleagues in the Congress, 'What price, freedom?'"
Pence argued that Space Force is critical for US national security as China and Russia expand their footprints in space and "ensuring that America remains as dominant in space militarily as we are here on Earth".
Pence also said Space Force would be needed to provide security for civilian missions to put "American boots back on the Moon" and eventually "seeing Americans land on Mars."
"In 2015, China essentially stood up its own space force. Russia, in the very same year, assigned a part of its aerospace division to a space force," Pence said.
"What President Trump has initiated here, in a very real sense, while America continues to lead in technology and in innovation and in military strength, in terms of organisational structure, this is what our competitors are already doing."
Russia and China are engaged in robust efforts to fight wars in space.
They are developing technology and weapons designed to take out US satellites that provide missile defence and enable soldiers to communicate and monitor adversaries, according to reports earlier this year from the Secure World Foundation and the Center for Strategic and International Studies.
