The international community has not recognised Israel's claim that Jerusalem is its capital.
The Palestinians want East Jerusalem as the capital of their future state and complain that the Israeli construction is encroaching on the city's Arab neighbourhoods.
Netanyahu blamed Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas for the absence of peace talks during the Israeli premier's past four years in office, because the Palestinian leader refused to negotiate unless Israel met certain preconditions, including a settlement freeze.
Israel's demand that the Palestinians recognise Israel as the Jewish state, by contrast, was not a precondition for the start of negotiations, but "a condition for the end of negotiations".
Netanyahyu did not deny that the expedited construction in and around Jerusalem was retaliation for the Palestinians' "unilateral" push to upgrade their status at the United Nations.
The General Assembly late last month voted overwhelmingly to accept Palestine as a non-member observer state.
By doing so and avoiding negotiations with Israel, the Palestinians "simply tore to pieces all the agreements with us," Netanyahu said, adding he had warned beforehand that Israel would not react by "sitting with its arms folded".
-AAP