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YANGON - Myanmar's junta has imposed a dusk-to-dawn curfew in the country's two main cities after pouring security forces into Yangon to try to end the biggest protests against military rule in 20 years.
Troops and police on Tuesday had surrounded the Sule Pagoda in Yangon, the focus of two days of mass demonstrations led by thousands of maroon-robed Buddhist monks.
In another possible sign of a looming clash, a well-placed source said detained democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi had been moved to the notorious Insein prison on Sunday, a day after she appeared in front of her house to greet marching monks.
Loudspeaker announcements in Yangon, the former capital, and in the second city of Mandalay said the curfew would run from 9pm to 5am local time, witnesses said.
The announcements also said both cities would be under direct control of the local military commanders for 60 days.
Some analysts said the junta was caught off guard by the speed with which sporadic marches against a sharp hike in fuel prices in mid-August had mushroomed into mass action against 45 years of military rule in the Southeast Asian country formerly known as Burma.
As the international community urged the generals to avoid a repeat of a bloody crackdown on protests in 1988 and the United States announced fresh sanctions against the junta, the UN human rights investigator for Myanmar said he feared "very severe repression."
"It is an emergency," said Paulo Sergio Pinheiro, singling out China as a regional power that would play a "positive role" to defuse the crisis and calling for "quiet diplomacy" by countries including the United States.
On Tuesday evening, security forces moved in on the Sule Pagoda after hours of peaceful protest by tens of thousands of people who turned up despite the junta's threat to use force.
The area around the pagoda, which includes City Hall, was the scene of the worst bloodshed during the crackdown on nationwide pro-democracy protests in 1988 in which 3000 people are thought to have been killed.
Tuesday had echoed with reminders of one of the darkest days of Myanmar's modern history.
Vehicles with loudspeakers toured Yangon, blaring threats of action under a law allowing troops to break up illegal protests. People came in huge numbers anyway and, in Taunggok, a coastal city 400km to the northwest, witnesses said thousands of monks and civilians took to the streets.
Protesters were led in Yangon by 10,000 monks chanting "democracy, democracy" and, in a gesture of defiance, some waved the bright red "fighting peacock" flag, emblem of the student unions that spearheaded the 1988 uprising.
The streets were lined with people clapping and cheering as the column of monks stretched several blocks on their march from the Shwedagon Pagoda, the nation's holiest shrine and symbolic heart of the campaign, to the Sule Pagoda.
British Ambassador Mark Canning told Reuters two of the junta's ministers had assured him the protests "would be dealt with in a 'correct' fashion, whatever that means."
But the chilling message behind the loudspeaker warnings was lost on nobody in Yangon, a city of 5 million people, a week after monks started marching in protest against warning shots fired over the heads of fellow monks.
"I'm really worried about the possible outbreak of violence," one street vendor said. "We know from experience that these people never hesitate to do what they want."
Ethnic Karen rebels on the Thai border told Reuters that troops of the 22nd Division had been redeployed to Yangon.
That division played a major role in the 1988 carnage and the report lent weight to threats issued by the religious affairs minister, Brigadier-General Thura Myint Maung.
State radio quoted him as saying action would be taken against senior monks if they did not control their subordinates in protests he said were fomented by political extremists.
China, the closest the junta has to a friend, has been making an effort recently to let the generals know how worried the international community is, a Beijing-based diplomat said.
China said on Tuesday it "certainly hopes Myanmar can maintain stability and resolve the issue in its own way" but left it unclear clear what kind of diplomatic pressure it was exerting on the generals behind the scenes.
Other countries urged the generals to address the grievances of Myanmar's 56 million people who, in the past 50 years, have watched their country go from being one of Asia's brightest prospects to one of its most desperate.
US President George W Bush, in a speech at the United Nations in New York, urged all countries to "help the Burmese people reclaim their freedom." Bush said the United States was imposing financial sanctions and a visa ban on a wider range of members of the junta, their supporters and relatives.
The generals have been living with sanctions for years.
Portuguese Prime Minister Jose Socrates, addressing the UN General Assembly on behalf of the European Union, warned the junta against using violence to suppress the protests and called for a negotiated solution, but did not mention sanctions.
France's Foreign Ministry said it had summoned Myanmar's representative in Paris to express its concern and note that the junta "would be held responsible for the security of the protests and more generally for the Myanmar population."
- REUTERS
