Mars attack - Kim's new threat

The test was conducted just before 3am local time, an unusual time since nighttime launches are rare. Photo / AP

On Wednesday, North Korea launched an intercontinental ballistic missile that may be capable of reaching the United States mainland. The regime is calling it the Hwasong-15, which translates to "Mars" in Korean.

North Korea's state media marked the launch by showing video images of the missile blasting off, as a newscaster proclaimed that it could carry a "super large heavy warhead".

The missile flew 10 times higher than the International Space Station and 800km higher than previous missile tests of its kind. It was in the air for about 50 minutes, flying eight minutes longer than previous tests, before crashing into the Sea of Japan.

Analysts say that its range was more than enough to reach the US if the missile travelled on a flatter trajectory. In general, experts agreed that the launch was a significant step forward in North Korea's missile development.

After the launch, US President Donald Trump called China's President Xi Jinping and vowed to impose more sanctions on Pyongyang. Yet North Korea has defied all previous rounds of sanctions, conducting 20 missile tests this year alone.

Yesterday, Trump criticised the Chinese envoy to North Korea as having "no impact on Little Rocket Man" and vowed to "take care of it".

Trump has previously threatened that North Korea will be met with "fire and fury like the world has never seen".

However, North Korea experts say that any military option would result in massive casualties.

What do we know about the launch?
The test was conducted just before 3am local time on a cold night just outside the capital, an unusual time since nighttime launches are rare. Previous tests have typically occurred between 9am and 11am. Shea Cotton, a research associate at the James Martin Centre for Nonproliferation Studies, said North Korea has favoured mid-mornings because "they have a full day of sun to try and collect the pieces" if something goes wrong. However, no one knows for sure how North Korea makes its decisions. Analysts say another possibility could be that North Korea wanted to show how unpredictable it can be to rattle its neighbours.

What's new about the Hwasong-15?
North Korea released photos of the ballistic missile a day after its launch. Here are the basics of what is known:

●North Korea claims the transporter erector launcher — the vehicle used to move the missile — has one more axle than the previous version. Analysts believe they are modified Chinese trucks.

●The nose cone is much blunter than on previous versions, indicating that the missile was designed to slow as it flies and protect the warhead as it comes back down.

●The missile likely carried a small payload, allowing it to fly further. If outfitted with a more standard payload, the missile would "barely reach Seattle".

●There were likely two additional engines that gave the missile a higher altitude.

●North Korean analysts were surprised to see more advanced steering of the missile via gimbaling. "This is a sort of manoeuvring which is pretty fancy. You lose the least thrust that way," said Scott LaFoy, an imagery analyst for NK News.

North Korea released images of North Korean leader Kim Jong Un (right) inspecting the missile with officials. Photo / AP

What can the US do about this?
The boost phase for an intercontinental ballistic missile is about three to five minutes, allowing it to climb quickly. Missile defence systems are particularly vulnerable to its speed and the ability to travel long distances. An ICBM has a minimum range of 5470km, but experts estimate that the Hwasong-15 had a maximum range of 13,035km. North Korea's capital and Washington are about 11,000km apart.

The United States has several options, but the main deterrent is the ground-based midcourse defence programme. Trump has previously claimed that the system can knock out an ICBM "97 per cent of the time" — but that's not the case. In testing the system, the Pentagon concluded that it has only limited defence capabilities. Before it shot down a mock ICBM over the Pacific, the system failed seven times in 17 tests. It uses a 1.2m-long "kill vehicle" to shoot down an incoming warhead.

The head of the US Missile Defence Agency said the Pacific test proved that the system worked effectively under a "realistic" test. However, some experts have questioned the statement and pointed out that they are performed in a controlled environment.Washington Post