Long walk from guerrilla to hero

A British film-maker who made a controversial drama about the history of Israel is to risk fresh criticism with a feature film about Nelson Mandela's early life as a leader of the African National Congress terrorist arm in South Africa.

Peter Kosminsky said he would not shy from depicting a violent part of Mandela's past that is often avoided in deference to the statesmanship of his later life.

"The story I am trying to tell is of the early years of Mandela up until the imprisonment," he said.

"He is rightly now seen as the greatest living human being, a man who delivered South Africa from the brink of a civil war, but he was once on the military wing of the ANC."

Kosminsky said that as a former documentary-maker he was drawn to contentious subjects such as the death of United Nations weapons inspector Dr David Kelly, tackled in The Government Inspector.

Kosminsky's The Promise, which drew comparisons between the Zionist terrorism of the 1940s and Palestinian suicide bombings in Israel, has been acclaimed as a powerful drama, but provoked attacks from some Jewish commentators who see it as biased against Israel. Novelist Howard Jacobson accused the work of being a "ludicrous piece of brainwashed prejudice".

In France, it prompted demonstrations when it was broadcast in March, with an official disclaimer labelling it fiction. In Britain, Ofcom, the broadcasting watchdog, examined the screenplay after receiving complaints and ruled last month that there had been no breach of its code of conduct.

The drama has been nominated for a Bafta award.

"I am beaten but unbowed," said the writer.

"The Promise is probably the thing I am most proud of. I knew it would raise hackles with some people but the thing I have found most difficult, as a Jew, is the suggestion that the criticism of Israel is racist."

Kosminsky sees parallels between the situation in Israel and the former apartheid regime in South Africa.

"I would describe it as apartheid. I was not seeking to reflect this view in The Promise, but if you ask me personally, then I do.

"What is happening in Israel is very akin to the concept of separate development. It reminds me of the Bantustan policy of the South African government."

In the 1940s, Bantustan territories were set aside for black inhabitants of South Africa as part of apartheid.

The writer said his approach to Mandela's story would be to "confront people of a certain political persuasion that this is a more complicated man than they might have believed".

The production, with the working title Young Mandela, is yet to be cast but will feature the roles of Winnie Mandela, his first wife Evelyn, Joe Slovo, who led the Communist Party, and Thabo Mbeki's father, Govan.

Kosminsky said the film would include a scene in which Mandela was instructing activists on how to blow up a building, but that he would underline the ANC's policy of avoiding human casualties.

"I am not doing a hatchet job on him. I am probably his biggest fan," he said.

"I was very involved with the anti-apartheid movement in my youth. In fact, I used to give Adelaide Tambo a lift around London."

As a film-maker, Kosminsky said he was driven as much to tell a good story as to explain a period of history. "My primary purpose for making The Promise was artistic."

Critics of the serial said it focused on the lives of rich Israelis and gave a partial view.

Kosminsky defended his decision to send his naive heroine, Erin, to stay with a wealthy family who had a grandfather who fought a terror campaign against the British in the Mandate period after World War II from inside the secret Zionist paramilitary organisation, Irgun.

"Her grandfather is based on a man I met at the Irgun museum, and the things he says are almost exactly what was said to me.

"People said I was trying to reinforce old stereotypes, but if you watch a television show looking for prejudices you are going to find them."

Kosminsky said it was important to examine the moment when people take up an armed struggle, and the moment when, ideally, they can later operate as politicians and statesmen and become involved in peaceful negotiation.

"Mandela is a terrorist who became a statesman and a peacemaker. If I had been around in Germany in the 1930s, I might have shot Adolf Hitler if the chance had come along, so I can see how someone might think it was the right thing to do.

"If Nelson Mandela had been executed as a terrorist we would not have had the peaceful transition we had in South Africa. The crucial moment for a former terrorist is the moment they act against their own self-interest - when they turn the other cheek."

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