Sullivan's order bars only the expulsion of children who cross the border unaccompanied by a parent. The government has expelled nearly 200,000 people since March, including adults, and parents and children travelling together.
"This policy was sending thousands of young children back to danger without any hearing," said Lee Gelernt, a lawyer for the American Civil Liberties Union. "Like so many other Trump administration policies, it was gratuitously cruel and unlawful."
The Justice Department did not immediately say whether it would appeal. It has appealed another federal judge's order barring the use of hotels to detain children.
The incoming administration of President-elect Joe Biden has not directly said whether it will keep trying to expel immigrants under public-health authority. Biden is expected to roll back several Trump administration policies restricting asylum as part of a broader shift on immigration.
The Trump administration has argued in court that it must expel children who have recently crossed the border — whether they had authorisation or not — to prevent the infection of border agents and others in immigration custody. The emergency declaration was made by Dr Robert Redfield, director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Justice Department on October 2 cited the judgment of "the nation's top public health official" in urging Sullivan not to stop the expulsion of children.
The Associated Press reported on October 3 that top CDC officials resisted issuing the declaration because it lacked a public health basis, but that Vice President Mike Pence ordered Redfield to move forward anyway.
Opponents of the policy accuse the administration of using the pandemic as a pretext to restrict immigration and say agents can safely screen minors for Covid-19 without denying protections under federal anti-trafficking law and a court settlement that governs the treatment of children.
US Magistrate Judge G Michael Harvey recommended on September 25 that Sullivan grant an injunction barring expulsions of children, saying the government was claiming power that was "breathtakingly broad".
Children and parents who have been expelled have reported believing they would be allowed to reunite with family in the US, only to instead be deported to their countries of origin.
One mother of 12- and 9-year-olds found out her children had been expelled when she received a call from an official in Honduras asking her to send a relative to collect them.
The father of a 1-year-old girl alleged that agents told him and his wife to feed the girl ice in case their temperatures were checked before boarding a flight. US Immigration and Customs Enforcement has denied using ice as an artificial cooling measure.
- Associated Press
