The work to keep the government open and running served as the backdrop during a chaotic day for Democrats as they struggled to get Biden's top domestic priorities over the finish line, including a bipartisan US$1 trillion infrastructure bill at risk of stalling in the House.
"It is a glimmer of hope as we go through many, many other activities," said Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y.
With their energy focused on Biden's agenda, Democrats backed down from a showdown over the debt limit in the government funding bill, deciding to uncouple the borrowing ceiling at the insistence of Republicans. If that cap is not raised by October 18, the US probably will face a financial crisis and economic recession, Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen said.
Republicans say Democrats have the votes to raise the debt limit on their own, and Republican leader Mitch McConnell of Kentucky is insisting they do so.
The short-term spending legislation will also provide about US$28.6 billion in disaster relief for those recovering from Hurricane Ida and other natural disasters. Some US$10 billion of that money will help farmers cover crop losses from drought, wildfires and hurricanes. An additional US$6.3 billion will help support the resettlement of Afghanistan evacuees from the 20-year war between the US and the Taliban.
"This is a good outcome, one I'm happy we are getting done," Schumer said. "With so many things to take care of in Washington, the last thing the American people need is for the government to grind to a halt."
Once the government is funded, albeit temporarily, Democrats will turn their full attention to the need to raise the limit on federal borrowing, which now stands at $28.4 trillion.
The US has never defaulted on its debts in the modern era and historically, both parties have voted to raise the limit. Democrats joined the Republican Senate majority in doing so three times during Donald Trump's presidency. This time Democrats wanted to take care of both priorities in one bill, but Senate Republicans blocked that effort on Monday.
Raising or suspending the debt limit allows the federal government to pay obligations already incurred. It does not authorise new spending. McConnell has argued that Democrats should pass a debt limit extension with the same budgetary tools they are using to try to pass a US$3.5 trillion effort to expand social safety net programmes and tackle climate change. He reiterated that warning as the Senate opened on Thursday, even as Democrats have labelled that option a "nonstarter".
"We're able to fund the government today because the majority accepted reality. The same thing will need to happen on the debt limit next week," McConnell said.
House Democrats pushed through a stand-alone bill late on Wednesday that would suspend the debt limit until December 2022. Schumer said he would bring the measure to the Senate floor, but the bill is almost certain to be blocked by a Republican filibuster.
The arguments made in both chambers about the debt ceiling have followed similar themes.
"You are more interested in punishing Democrats than preserving our credit and that is something I'm having a real tough time getting my head around," House Rules Committee Chairman Jim McGovern, D-Mass., told Republicans. "The idea of not paying bills just because we don't like (Biden's) policies is the wrong way to go."
Undaunted, Republicans argued that Democrats have chosen to ram through their political priorities on their own and thus are responsible for raising the debt limit on their own.
"So long as the Democratic majority continues to insist on spending money hand over fist, Republicans will refuse to help them lift the debt ceiling," said Rep. Tom Cole, R-Okla.
The Treasury has taken steps to preserve cash, but once it runs out, it will be forced to rely on incoming revenue to pay its obligations. That would likely mean delays in payments to Social Security recipients, veterans and government workers, including military personnel. The Bipartisan Policy Centre, a think tank, projects that the federal government would be unable to meet about 40 per cent of payments due in the several weeks that follow.
