The Izumo is expected to protect the US supply ship while it refuels American warships in the region, including the USS Carl Vinson strike group which started drills with the South Korean navy on Saturday.
A defiant North Korea responded yesterday by declaring it will bolster its nuclear force "to the maximum" in a "consecutive and successive way at any moment" while accusing the US of aggression and hysteria.
At the same time, Mike Pompeo, the CIA director, was making an unannounced visit to the South Korean capital with his wife.
Mr Pompeo is believed to have arrived in the city over the weekend for top-level meetings with the head of South Korea's National Intelligence Service as well as senior ranking officials in the presidential office.
The low-key visit was confirmed to media by an official at the US embassy who spoke on condition of anonymity and would not reveal how long he would stay in South Korea.
Pompeo's trip came after North Korea fired another missile test on Saturday - the second failed launch in two weeks - reflecting Pyongyang's continued show of defiance in the face of international pressure.
The latest missile test took place shortly after Rex Tillerson, the US Secretary of State, warned of "catastrophic consequences" if North Korea failed to curb its nuclear and ballistic missile programmes.
In a statement issued on Monday, a spokesman for North Korea's foreign ministry, as carried by its official KCNA news agency, said: "Now that the US is kicking up the overall racket for sanctions and pressure against the DPRK, pursuant to its new DPRK policy called 'maximum pressure and engagement', the DPRK will speed up at the maximum pace the measure for bolstering its nuclear deterrence."
He added that North Korea's "measures for bolstering the nuclear force to the maximum will be taken in a consecutive and successive way at any moment and any place decided by its supreme leadership".
The reclusive state has conducted five nuclear tests plus a series of missile tests, most recently at an unprecedented rate, and is believed to have made progress in developing intermediate-range and submarine-launched missiles.
Donald Trump, the US president, has said a "major, major" conflict with North Korea is possible and military options remain on the table, while Russia and China have warned against the use of military force.