The ISRO has said it chose to explore the south pole as it is possible there is water in the permanently shadowed areas, which could pave the way for future lunar habitation. Photo / ISRO
The ISRO has said it chose to explore the south pole as it is possible there is water in the permanently shadowed areas, which could pave the way for future lunar habitation. Photo / ISRO
India's space agency is preparing to launch its ambitious Chandrayaan-2 mission next week which is set to land near the currently unexplored south pole of the Moon.
Chandrayaan-2 will blast off from the Satish Dhawan Space Center at Sriharikota on the country's southwest coast at early on July 15.
It is the Indian Space Research Organisation's (ISRO) second lunar probe, and the first one destined to land on the Moon, and is scheduled to land on September 6.
India will become only the fourth country, after the US, Russia and China, to reach Earth's satellite if successful.
The ISRO has said it chose to explore the south pole as it is possible there is water in the permanently shadowed areas, which could pave the way for future lunar habitation.
India's space agency is preparing to launch its ambitious Chandrayaan-2 mission this weekend which is set to land near the currently unexplored south pole of the Moon. Photo / ISRO
It also hopes to examine the inside of craters, which are cold traps, to get a greater understanding of the evolution of the Moon.
These areas have stayed extremely cold for huge amounts of time and scientists believe it is likely they contain a fossil record of the early solar system.
Chandrayaan-2 has three modules, an Orbiter, a Lander called Vikram, and a Rover called Pragyan, which means "wisdom" in Sanskrit.
Vikram, named after Dr Vikram A Sarabhai, the father of the Indian Space Programme, should land on a high plain between two craters, Manzinus C and Simpelius N, which are around 70 degrees south.
From there, the six-wheeled robotic vehicle Pragyan will roll out and spend one lunar day, or a fortnight on Earth, carrying out scientific experiments on the surface.
ISRO hopes topographical studies, mineralogical analyses and other experiments will help the world gain a better understanding of the Moon's origins.
Using solar energy to power itself, Pragyan will be able to communicate with the Lander, which in turn can send information to both the Indian Deep Space Network in Byalalu and the Orbiter.
Chandrayaan-2 has three modules, an Orbiter, a Lander called Vikram, and a Rover called Pragyan, which means "wisdom" in Sanskrit. Photo / ISRO
The Orbiter will spend a year circulating the moon at a distance of 100km from the surface.
Explaining the reasoning behind choosing to explore the south pole, the ISRO said on its website "the lunar south pole is especially interesting because of the lunar surface area here that remains in shadow is much larger than that at the north pole."
"There is a possibility of the presence of water in permanently shadowed areas around it.
"In addition, the south pole region has craters that are cold traps and contain a fossil record of the early solar system."
The country's first mission, Chandrayaan-1, launched in 2008 and was terminated a year early after scientists lost contact with the unmanned orbiting spacecraft.
The satellite is believed to have crashed into the Moon's surface.
