Golden mole not seen for 80 years and presumed extinct is found again in South Africa

Researchers in South Africa say they have rediscovered a mole species with an iridescent golden coat that “swims” through sand dunes. Photo / re:Wild, via AP

Researchers in South Africa say they have rediscovered a species of mole with an iridescent golden coat and the ability to almost “swim” through sand dunes. The creature hadn’t been seen for more than 80 years and was thought to be extinct.

The De Winton’s golden mole – a small, blind, insect-eating burrower with “super-hearing powers” – was found on a beach in Port Nolloth on the west coast of South Africa by a team of researchers from the Endangered Wildlife Trust and the University of Pretoria.

It had been lost to science since 1936, the researchers said.

With the help of a trained dog, the team found traces of tunnels and discovered a golden mole in 2021. But because there are 21 species and some look very similar, the team needed more to be certain it was a De Winton’s.

They took environmental DNA samples – the DNA left behind in skin cells, hair and bodily excretions – but had to wait until 2022 before a De Winton’s DNA sample from decades ago was made available by a South African museum to compare. The DNA sequences were a match.

The team’s research and findings were peer-reviewed and published last week.

“We had high hopes but we also had our hopes crushed by a few people,” one of the researchers, Samantha Mynhardt, told The Associated Press. “One De Winton’s expert told us, ‘You’re not going to find that mole. It’s extinct.’”

The process took three years from the researchers’ first trip to the west coast to start searching for the mole, which was known to rarely leave signs of its tunnels and almost “swim” under the dunes, the researchers said. Golden moles are native to sub-Saharan Africa and the De Winton’s had only ever been found in the Port Nolloth area.

Two De Winton’s golden moles had now been confirmed and photographed in Port Nolloth, Mynhardt said, while the research team had found signs of other populations in the area since 2021.

“It was a very exciting project with many challenges,” said Esther Matthew, senior field officer with the Endangered Wildlife Trust. “Luckily we had a fantastic team full of enthusiasm and innovative ideas, which is exactly what you need when you have to survey up to 18 kilometres of dune habitat in a day.”

The De Winton’s golden mole was on a “most wanted lost species” list compiled by the Re:wild conservation group.

Other rediscovered species on the list include a salamander found in Guatemala in 2017, 42 years after its last sighting, and an elephant shrew called the Somali sengi, seen in Djibouti in 2019, having not been seen since 1968.