There is an unknown side to this dark and fascinating story.Photo / Supplied
There is an unknown side to this dark and fascinating story.Photo / Supplied
It was the midnight decision that sealed the fate of more than 1500 who died within hours, but its significance is little known in the dramatic retelling of this tragedy.
Just after midnight on April 15, 1912, two boats some way from the Titanic received an unbelievable message. The "unsinkable" ship was going down.
The nearest boat to the great cruise liner, the Californian, was less than 20 kilometres away, within eyeshot — and a crew member informed Captain Stanley Lord the Titanic was sending up distress rockets.
Yet, surrounded by icebergs, he decided not to act. He didn't wake his wireless operator, he didn't try to contact the ship and he didn't head towards it.
"The hazard to himself and his command was too great to risk responding," Titanic researcher Daniel Allen Butler told news.com.au. "The Californian did nothing."
Captain Lord later maintained he did not realise the rockets were a distress signal, and was further away than 20km, but a British inquiry concluded that if he had pushed through the ice to the troubled ship, the Californian "might have saved many, if not all, of the lives that were lost".
"Such conduct, whether arising from indifference or gross carelessness, is most reprehensible, and places upon the commander of the Californian a grave responsibility," a US senate inquiry concurred.
It was only thanks to the heroism and unbelievable luck of another man that as many as 705 survived the monumental disaster.
At the same moment Captain Stanley was ignoring the strange activity on the horizon, another captain more than 100km away made a split-second choice that saved those lives.
The Carpathia'swireless operator, Harold Cottam, had just sent a message to his counterpart on the Titanic to let him know there was a backlog of messages from shore waiting for his passengers. The response "literally made Cottam's blood run cold", Butler said.
"CQ" is a call-out, "D" means distress, "MGY" was the Titanic's call letters, followed by the coordinates. He also mixed in the newer "SOS" signal for one of the first times in history, but it would have been CQD that stood out to Cottam.
The operator raced up to Captain Arthur Rostron's cabin, ignoring the first officer and flinging open the door, in a clear breach of protocol. "The Titanic has sent out a distress call, she needs our assistance immediately," he said.
The first words out of the captain's mouth were directed at first officer Horace Dean, who had followed Cottam in: "Mr Dean, turn this ship around. I'll work out the course for you in a moment. Now, Cottam, are you sure it's the Titanic and are you sure she needs our assistance?"
Butler — who wrote a book called The Other Side of the Night about what happened outside the sinking Titanic — believes this says it all about who Captain Rostron was.
"He wasn't going to waste the seconds necessary to confirm before he acted," Butler said. "So when he heard the word 'distress' he reacted, I think, instinctively."
HMS Carpathia captain Arthur Rostron was racing to the sinking ship's aid from more than 100 kilometres away. Photo / Supplied
As Captain Rostron began the race towards the Titanic, he instructed his officers to prepare the ship to take on as many as 2000 extra people, with passengers moved into new cabins and the pump rooms converted to temporary dormitories.
Luckily, the boat had been heading eastbound from New York to Hungary, rather than in the busier opposite direction, so was only carrying a quarter to a third of its capacity.
The temperature on board plummeted as the captain shut off steam to any part of the ship except the engines in order to travel faster, realising he was three or four hours away.
"Every time Phillips sends out new information, Cottam is sending it to the bridge and it quickly becomes obvious that the Titanic is not just in trouble, the Titanic is sinking," Butler said. "This is unthinkable, but it's happening."
The Carpathia, designed for speeds of 14.5 to 15 knots maximum, was travelling about 16 knots, with extra lookouts posted about the ship to call out if they saw ice.
It was an extremely dangerous undertaking, and the captain later said he believed "some other hand than mine was on the helm that night".
As the Titanic hit an iceberg off Newfoundland and sank, a story possibly even more dramatic was happening elsewhere. Photo / Supplied
When the boat finally arrived at the scene it was about 4am, nearly an hour and a half after the Titanic sank at 2.20am. "He never slows down until he reaches the point where he's estimated that the Titanic should be. 'This is the position that the Titanic may be, where's the Titanic?'," Butler said.
The unsinkable ship was gone.
'WE'VE JUST WATCHED OUR HUSBANDS DROWN'
Captain Rostron spotted a green flare from a lifeboat and realised the only survivors would be in lifeboats. For the next four hours, he rushed back and forth collecting the boats.
Most were hauled up into the Carpathia because they hadn't the strength to climb the ropes.
They were lucky. There were no other boats close to them enough to get to them before they would have started freezing to death.
The Californian eventually headed to the scene after daybreak, when it was confirmed the Titanic had sunk, arriving about 10am.
"By the time the captain of the Californian had decided to act and arrived on the scene, passengers would have been dying of hypothermia," Butler said. "Most, if not all, would have died.
"He would have been collecting boats full of corpses."
But a boat less than 20km away, the Californian, overlooked the Titanic's distress signals, arriving the next morning, when only dead bodies remained. Photo / Nova Scotia Archives / Supplied
As it was, the boat searched for more survivors as the Carpathia prepared to depart, but found only wreckage, empty lifeboats and bodies. "There were bodies everywhere, in some cases for three weeks after the disaster," Butler said. Crews arrived later for the macabre task of collecting up the corpses frozen in the steamer's life vests.
Captain Rostron counted the 705 survivors he had found and decided to return to New York, unsure the boat would make it to England.
As it headed back, the Carpathia's passengers tried to help the shell-shocked survivors, giving them clothes and toiletries and replacing their soaked, cracked shoes.
One woman, Augusta Ogden, recalled trying to bring tea to a group huddled on deck. "Go away," one said. "We've just watched our husbands drown."
MORE DRAMATIC THAN THE TITANIC ITSELF
The Carpathia arrived in New York to utter pandemonium. The Titanic's final destination was supposed to be Pier 59 on the Hudson River, owned by the White Star Line.
An estimated 30,000 people were crowded on both banks shouting to survivors, with loved ones looking anxiously for their relatives and journalists waving fistfuls of dollar bills, begging the men to jump into the freezing river and swim to shore to tell their story.
"In some ways, the story of what happened on the Carpathia and didn't happen on the Californian is more dramatic than what happened on the Titanic itself," Butler said.
A recovered body is embalmed at sea after the disaster 106 years ago. Photo / Nova Scotia Archives / Supplied
Captain Rostron stopped at Pier 59 to drop off the Titanic's lifeboats, then sailed back to dock at the Cunard-owned pier Pier 54.
The rusting pier is set to become the gateway to a new $250 million dollar park stretching out on to Pier 55.
For some, it will always remain the place where the star-crossed ship's survivors made it back to land after their terrible ordeal.
For those who know more, it is symbolic of Captain Rostron's courageous triumph and Captain Lord's equally spectacular failure — although a later inquiry in 1922 concluded that the Californian most probably would not have saved any more people than the Carpathia.
We may never know what could have been.
But Pier 54 will remain for insiders, the central location in the unforgettable tale of the Titanic.
