Muslim pilgrims walk by the site yesterday where hundreds were trampled to death in Mina on the outskirts of Mecca. Photo / AP
Muslim pilgrims walk by the site yesterday where hundreds were trampled to death in Mina on the outskirts of Mecca. Photo / AP
Saudi Arabia faces questions of accountability as it feels the pressures of war and falling oil prices, writes Glen Carey
The crushing of more than 700 people near the Saudi holy city of Mecca, the worst tragedy at the hajj pilgrimage in a quarter century, poses the latest political challenge for a kingdom roiled by plunging oil prices and war.
Videos posted online showed dead bodies strewn across a street in Mina, a dusty encampment outside Islam's holiest city, as other pilgrims sat in shock. The stampede at a busy intersection began at 9am local time (6pm NZT) on Thursday, the first day of the Eid al-Adha religious holiday. Crown Prince Mohammed bin Nayef, who's also the Interior Minister, called for an investigation.
"A lot of money has been spent in Mecca, so there will be questions about accountability," Crispin Hawes, managing director of Teneo Intelligence, said in a phone interview. "This has the potential for a nasty political firestorm for the regime, and there will need to be a political response to what will be perceived as another egregious failure."
Thursday's disaster, in which at least 717 people died and more than 800 were injured, was the second surrounding the hajj this month, despite the kingdom spending billions of dollars on expanding and securing its religious sites. The Saudi Government embarked on a US$21 billion ($33 billion) programme in 2011 to expand the capacity of the Grand Mosque in Mecca to 2.5 million people.
About two weeks ago, a crane operated by the Saudi Binladin Group at the Grand Mosque collapsed, killing more than 100 people. The company said the accident was caused by strong winds. It has been barred from taking on new projects in the kingdom pending an investigation.
**WARNING: Graphic content
The tragedy in Mecca comes as Saudi Arabia under King Salman, who ascended to the throne in January, is embroiled in a deepening war in neighbouring Yemen while a slump in oil prices threatens the biggest deficit in decades.
The new king has brought in his own team, most prominently his son Mohammed bin Salman, who's in charge of defence and economic policy and is second in line to the throne. He's behind Interior Minister Prince Mohammed, whose Civil Defence Directorate is responsible for providing security during the pilgrimage.
"There may be political ramifications because this catastrophe will be boxed together with the crane incident," Theodore Karasik, senior adviser at Gulf States Analytics, said in response to emailed questions after news of the stampede, without speculating on what the effects might be.
After more than 120 people died in heavy flooding in December 2009, which displaced more than 22,000 others, the Government only announced 16 months later that it was investigating more than three hundred people over the incident.
The crush occurred as groups of pilgrims suddenly converged on the crossroads in Mina, state-run Saudi Press Agency reported. Hundreds of emergency workers were deployed and pilgrims rerouted, it said.
Saudi Health Minister Khalid al-Falih suggested the blame didn't lie with official preparations.
The stampede was "possibly caused by the movement of some pilgrims who didn't follow the guidelines and instructions issued by the responsible authorities," al-Falih said in a statement.
It wasn't immediately clear where most of the dead pilgrims were from. Indonesia said two of its citizens were among the dead, while there were reports of Pakistani fatalities.
"It's been a bad month for the image that the Saudis are trying to project, that they can protect the holy places," Kristian Coates Ulrichsen, a political analyst focusing on the Gulf at Chatham House. It gives the impression that "they can't control the events for which they are responsible", he said.
As the fifth and final pillar of Islam, every able-bodied adult Muslim must undertake a pilgrimage to Mecca, birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, at least once in their lives.
Some two million people are taking part in this year's pilgrimage, which began on Tuesday. There have been a number of stampedes over the years, including the deadliest in 1990, when 1426 pilgrims died in an overcrowded pedestrian tunnel. Authorities modified buildings and built new bridges after more than 300 people were killed in a crush in 2006.
"It will likely be more difficult to pinpoint the cause of this tragedy," said Fahad Nazer, a political analyst at consulting company JTG Inc in Virginia, in the US, who has worked for the Saudi embassy in Washington. "A stampede is often the result of a minor infraction or accident that quickly spirals out of control."
While there are usually some fatalities at the hajj, it's been almost 10 years since a major incident and some of the credit for that should go to the Mecca Governor, Prince Khalid Al Faisal, Nazer said.
"Although the Saudi Government has spent billions of dollars to ensure that the hajj is as safe and as secure as possible, the sheer number of people moving - often on foot - from one site to another means that accidents are bound to happen periodically," he said.
- Glen Carey, Washington Post
Iran lays blame on Saudi authorities
Iran's supreme leader says Saudi Arabia is responsible for Thursday's stampede during the annual hajj in which 90 Iranians were among more than 700 Muslim pilgrims killed.
Laying the blame for the deaths on "improper measures" and "mismanagement", Ayatollah Ali Khamenei announced three days of mourning.
Hajj pilgrims and rescuers gather around crushing victims. Mecca has been the site of hajj stampedes in years past. Photo / AP
"The Government of Saudi Arabia must accept the huge responsibility for this catastrophe," state news agency IRNA quoted Khamenei as saying.
On Wednesday, Khamenei had said Saudi Arabia bore a duty to protect all pilgrims. His remarks after the tragedy followed those of other Iranian officials who criticised the kingdom for failing to safeguard pilgrims.
Deputy Foreign Minister Hossein Amir Abdollahian said earlier that Saudi's envoy to Tehran would be summoned to the Foreign Ministry over the stampede.
The head of Iran's hajj organisation, Said Ohadi, said bad decisions had led to the tragedy, the worst to hit the hajj in almost a quarter century.
Ohadi said that, for "unknown reasons", two paths had been closed off near the site of a symbolic stoning of the devil where the stampede occurred.
That left only three routes to the area where the stoning ceremony was held in Mina, about 5km from Mecca, Ohadi said, asserting that such a step forced the crowd to form, resulting in the fatalities.
