On Monday, Yanukovych called European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso and asked to renew negotiations on signing the association agreement. He also said in an interview with Ukraine's main television channels that he remains committed to European integration, but would like to negotiate better terms for the fragile Ukrainian economy.
Yanukovych urged the opposition for calm and dialogue with the government. But his call fell flat with opposition leaders who were hoping to summon enough parliamentary votes Tuesday to oust the Cabinet led by Yanukovych's loyal supporter, Prime Minister Mykola Azarov, and force an early presidential vote.
"We need to change the system. There must be a complete reloading of the leadership," world boxing champion turned opposition leader Vitali Klitschko told reporters.
It was unclear whether the opposition could muster the 226 votes it needs in the 450-seat parliament to oust Azarov and his Cabinet.
The opposition controls about 170 seats, but independents hold 35 more and the governing Party of Regions was shedding support. At least three of its lawmakers quit in protest and one of them, Inna Bohoslovska, previously a vocal government supporter, called on other legislators to leave the party. A top Agriculture Ministry official also resigned Monday.
Oleksandr Yefremov, head of the Party of Regions faction in parliament, said lawmakers would discuss the situation Tuesday morning and might then put a no-confidence motion up for a vote. But he argued that there were no grounds to dismiss the government because of the protests, which have centered on Kiev's main Independence Square, popularly referred to as Maidan.
"Our goal is to make sure that the people on Maidan calm down," Yefremov said.
Opinion surveys conducted before the protests showed about 45 percent of Ukrainians supporting closer integration with the EU, with a third or less favoring closer ties with Russia. But the protests, and the police violence, appear to have unleashed anger against the government and tipped the balance more strongly in favor of integration with the EU.
Azarov criticized the opposition for blockading the government buildings and said the actions have the makings of a coup.
Putin, speaking Monday on a visit to Armenia, called the demonstrations an attempt by the opposition to destabilize the government.
"The events in Ukraine look more like pogroms than a revolution," he said.
Officials in the western cities of Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk and Ternopil announced they were going on strike and called on their residents to turn out for protests. Lviv's mayor warned that police in his city would take off their uniforms and defend the city if the central government sent reinforcements. Scores of protesters from Lviv and elsewhere in western Ukraine have headed to Kiev by train and car to take part in the rallies.
"Yanukovych is now fighting for his political survival, and time is no longer on his side," said Tim Ash, an emerging markets analyst with Standard Bank in London.
The opposition also was getting support from Ukraine's main television channels, which are owned by the country's wealthiest businessmen. Instead of largely toeing the government line, the channels have begun to give a greater platform to the protesters.
In Kiev, thousands continued rallying on Independence Square, which was turned into a giant tent camp cordoned off by barricades made of metal bars and wooden planks. Hundreds of others held ground inside Kiev city hall, where some protesters slept on the floor, while others lined up to receive hot tea, sandwiches and other food brought in by Kiev residents. Other volunteers sorted through piles of donated warm clothes and medicines.
"You can also fight for freedom and independence by giving out sandwiches," said Yulia Zhiber, a 21-year-old philology student from Kiev.
Protests have been held daily in Kiev since Yanukovych's Cabinet announced on Nov. 21 that it was ditching the EU agreement in favor of closer ties with Russia.
Yanukovych was also reluctant to liberate his top rival, former Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko, whose imprisonment the EU called political revenge and whose freedom it set as a condition for signing the deal.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel's spokesman reaffirmed the willingness of Berlin and Brussels to sign the association agreement, saying the protests clearly showed that Ukrainians want the EU deal.
"For the German government, these demonstrations send a very clear message," he said. "It has to be hoped that ... Yanukovych will hear this message."
U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, speaking at a conference in Lima, Peru, appealed "to all parties to act with restraint" and "avoid any further violence."
In Washington, U.S. State Department spokeswoman Jen Psaki also called for calm.
"We continue to stress there is no room for violence in a country that aspires to a democratic future," she said.
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Associated Press writers Geir Moulson in Berlin, Monika Scislowska in Warsaw, Raf Casert in Brussels, Vladimir Isachenkov in Moscow and Cara Anna at the United Nations contributed to this report.
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Follow Maria Danilova on Twitter at http://www.twitter.com/mashadanilova
