Alarmed at the civilian deaths, Breaking the Silence compiled testimonies from soldiers who served in previous Israeli operations in Gaza to make a statement against the current fighting. The testimonies cover Operation Rainbow in 2004, Operation Cast Lead in 2008-9 and Operation Pillar of Defence in 2012.
"If you look at all the recent operations continuing into the current operation you see a moral descent that doesn't stop and a military aggressiveness that only increases," says Yehuda Shaul, the founder of Breaking the Silence. "The level of destruction, the death toll of civilians and the practices teach us that it gets worse and worse."
He takes issue with the use of artillery and the bombing of family homes of Hamas personalities, which the army says are used for command and are, therefore, legitimate targets.
Shaul says that even if Israel warns civilians to vacate areas to be targeted, that does not absolve it of moral responsibility for their fate.
"If they don't leave do they deserve to die? ... When you use artillery in a place like Gaza you can't say you are taking every precaution to avoid civilian casualties. It's not the case that generals are looking to kill more civilians, far from that. But we are far away from the official line that everything is being done to avoid civilian casualties."
The army believes the group is rehashing old claims in order to embarrass it at a sensitive time. Asked about Breaking the Silence's allegations, Colonel Shaul Shay, former deputy head of Israel's National Security Council and a scholar at the Interdisciplinary Centre in Herzliya, near Tel Aviv, says that the army "kept, is keeping and will keep high moral standards in all its Gaza operations".
"To our sorrow, the approach of Hamas is to use civilians as a human shield and to war against our civilian population. The army adheres in an exceptional manner almost to the point of endangering our soldiers in order to try to have war with minimum civilian casualties.
"The more Hamas shelling builds shooting positions, tunnels and attack positions in built-up areas, the more the army is forced to fight there and from this there are [civilian] casualties.
"Breaking the Silence has no case and it saddens me that Israelis make such claims at such a time, claims that serve the propaganda ... of the enemy."
Under fire, under pressure
Sgt Major Amir Marmor
Unit: Armoured Corps, 2008-2009
"We began a week of practice on the ground, during which we talked with the officers commanding the operation. Pretty soon we realised that the idea was not just a campaign, but an actual war in which gloves were to be taken off. Considerations we were accustomed to hearing in briefings, like rules of engagement and attempts not to hurt innocents and the like, were not made this time. On the contrary, the attitude was, war is war. To paraphrase the brigade commander who spoke to us one day in the field ... we should have no second thoughts about damaging anything - including mosques, including any threat we feel, real or imagined. The approach is to open fire and to try not to consider the repercussions. At any obstacle, any problem, we open fire and don't ask questions. Even if it's firing in the dark, aiming at an unknown target, firing when we can't see, deterrent fire, no problem with that. A vehicle that's in the way, crush it. A building in the way, shell it. This was the spirit of things that was repeated throughout the training."
Staff Sgt Shai Davidovich
Unit: Field intelligence, 2012
"We were positioned east of Beit Hanoun [north Gaza]. People are walking around in the streets with lots of children hanging about. I see kids on bicycles in a street where shells are falling and the children run around free. Not far from the houses was a major hit ... Our mission was to shoot at sources of fire. It was very intense in both directions ... Crazy blasts. You keep seeing all of Gaza up in the air. The light it created, it was insane ... I don't remember seeing a group of combatants, just flashes of rockets fired all the time. You see houses but it's very difficult to detect a target. You can't be precise - you can't really aim."
Anonymous
Unit: Artillery, 2008-2009
"The problem with artillery fighting in an urban area is that one tries to be as precise as possible, but there are a million parameters at play: weather, the weight of the shell. I might have a high-explosive squash head that blows up and destroys a lot with that kind of weight, and then another shell of a different weight. If you don't check the weight, you can have a 200-300m difference in range that may end up hitting a school instead of the target.
- Independent
