Neighbourhoods were festooned with posters and banners advertising the campaigns of more than 6600 candidates, with politicians from the hard left to ultra-conservative religious right aiming to claim seats.
The Muslim Brotherhood is expected to be the biggest winner, fulfilling a decades-old ambition after years of persecution by successive regimes.
A huddle of young women in headscarves standing outside a polling station in northern Cairo told the Independent why they would be voting for the Freedom and Justice Party, a branch of the Muslim Brotherhood.
"They will be better than the other parties at running the country," said one. Another voter in Shubra, Mohammad Sobhi, a retired army officer, said he too would vote for the Muslim Brotherhood. The 62-year-old said: "Islam has a solution to every problem in the world."
Before yesterday's poll there were fears that the first round of voting could be marred by abuses reminiscent of former President Hosni Mubarak's time. Human rights groups criticised media coverage in the run-up to the ballot. According to Mona Nader, of the Cairo Institute of Human Rights, the agenda of state-run newspapers has been biased against a slew of new, secular parties that have emerged since Mubarak's fall. "These papers totally ignored the liberal parties," she said.
Others criticised the choice of judges who were selected to oversee the election process. "They are the same judges who monitored the last elections," said Bassem Samir, of the Egyptian Democratic Academy, referring to the widely discredited parliamentary poll of 2010.
But with tens of thousands of troops at polling stations across the country, there were few reports of serious violence; a far cry from previous elections when mobs of baltagi, or hired government thugs, disrupted the process.
Yet the road remains dangerously uneven. Activists still have a stranglehold on Cairo's Tahrir Square, demanding that the Military Council immediately hand power to an interim civilian government.
"The elections are fake. They are bullshit," said Mohammad Habib, 37, in central Cairo yesterday. "It's not right to kill us and then ask us to vote," he added, referring to recent unrest in which dozens of protesters were killed.
THE CONTENDERS
Freedom and Justice Party
Widely predicted to be the biggest winner of the parliamentary poll. The party, led by Mohammed Morsi, was established by the Muslim Brotherhood, banned under the former regime. It says it is seeking a constitution that respects Muslims and non-Muslims and it calls for gender equality.
Al-Wafd
The oldest party in Egypt, led by businessman Al-Sayyid al-Badawi, was once at the forefront of liberal politics as one of the few opposition parties licensed by Mubarak. It now faces a challenge from the emergence of many other, younger liberal parties. Formerly aligned with the Muslim Brotherhood, it is now running independently.
The Free Egyptians Party
The main liberal counterweight to the Muslim Brotherhood, it believes in establishing a civil state, a position opposed by Islamists. It advocates free-market policies, the separation of state and religion, ending class inequalities and expanding the middle class.
Al-Nour
This was the first party set up by Salafists, who follow a strict interpretation of Islam. It wants sharia law and advocates freedom of expression, an independent judiciary and stronger local government.
- Independent
