His dedication to bettering indigenous lives that extends beyond the intellectual, his time spent labouring in remote Aboriginal communities, is well known.
His "watershed moment" when Aboriginal policy became personal rather than political, he said, came with Paul Keating's famous 1992 Redfern speech.
As an opposition staffer, Abbott said, he was supposed to disagree with it all. But he couldn't disagree with its central point - that Aboriginal disadvantage was "a stain on our soul".
Abbott chose to focus on education, from which all else should flow. A good education was fundamental to a good start in life. "A fair go for Aborigines is too important to wait for the judgment of history."
Shorten said the old symbolic-practical dichotomy was over and the two were flipsides of the same coin. He pushed the case for constitutional recognition of Aborigines and warned against yielding the field to the "shameful great Australian silence". He said: "Whenever an Aboriginal mother loses a beautiful child to a treatable, preventable disease, we are all diminished."
- AAP