The leaders of the world's 20 largest economies posed for a so-called family photograph at the Group of 20 summit meeting in Rome. Photo / Erin Schaff, The New York Times
The leaders of the world's 20 largest economies posed for a so-called family photograph at the Group of 20 summit meeting in Rome. Photo / Erin Schaff, The New York Times
The world's leaders are focusing on preventing future pandemics, but experts say rich nations are not doing enough to help the poor survive the current one.
From the opening moments of the Group of 20 summit Saturday, the leaders of the world's largest economies wanted to send a strong messageabout ending the coronavirus pandemic: During an unconventional group photograph, they were joined on the dais by doctors in white coats and first responders from the Italian Red Cross.
In his remarks opening the meeting — the first gathering in person for the group since the pandemic struck — Italian Prime Minister Mario Draghi pointed to the stark disparity in access to vaccines between richer and poorer countries.
"Going it alone is simply not an option," said Draghi, whose country is hosting the summit. Now, he added, the world could "finally look at the future with great — or with some — optimism."
But as the leaders gathered to discuss plans to protect against future pandemics, health experts and activists expressed concerns that the world's richest nations were still not doing enough to help people in poor nations survive the current one.
Advisers said US President Joe Biden, who has promised to make the United States an "arsenal of vaccines," would not announce concrete plans related to closing the gap between rich and poor nations on vaccination rates. A senior administration official said Biden had met with a group of leaders early in the day and pushed them to support debt relief and allow more emergency financing to reach poor countries whose economies have been battered by the pandemic.
President Joko Widodo of Indonesia and PM Mario Draghi of Italy. Draghi, the meeting's host, is increasingly being seen as Europe's most important leader. Photo / Erin Schaff, The New York Times
While wealthy nations are offering people third vaccine doses and increasingly inoculating children, poor countries have administered an estimated 4 doses per 100 people, according to the World Health Organization.
Biden said in June that the United States would buy 500 million Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus vaccine doses for poorer nations. He followed up in September by announcing an additional 500 million Pfizer doses, along with the promise of an additional US$750 million for vaccine distribution, roughly half of it through a nonprofit involved in global vaccinations.
Only about 300 million of those doses are expected to be shipped this year, a number that experts say falls short of the amount needed for meaningful protection against the virus.
But Biden's advisers said he came into the summit focused on a host of problems, including fixing global supply chains, urging investments to curb climate change, and meeting with the leaders of France, Britain and Germany to discuss ways to return to a 2015 nuclear accord with Iran that the Trump administration scuttled.
Before that meeting, Biden suggested to reporters that talks to restart the accord were "scheduled to resume." But in a hastily released joint statement, the group seemed to put the brakes on Biden's assertion.
The statement said the leaders "welcome President Biden's clearly demonstrated commitment to return the US to full compliance" with the accord and "stay in full compliance, so long as Iran does."
On Saturday, Biden and other world leaders endorsed a landmark global agreement that seeks to block large corporations from shifting profits and jobs across borders to avoid taxes — a win for Biden, whose administration pushed hard to carry the deal over the finish line.
The leaders were set to formally back the accord in a communiqué to be released Sunday, an administration official said.
But health experts and influential advocates, including Pope Francis, have urged Biden during his trip to stay focused on closing the vaccine gap for poor nations, who are particularly vulnerable to the virus and its variants.
President Biden shakes hands with President Emmanuel Macron of France. Biden sought to heal a rift with Macron at the meeting. Photo / Erin Schaff, The New York Times
Jake Sullivan, Biden's national security adviser, told reporters on Air Force One en route to Rome that "the main thrust of the effort on Covid-19 is not actually traveling through the G-20." He said that a virtual summit that Biden convened in September had set "more ambitious targets" for countries to pledge to share doses of the vaccine.
Although US Secretary of State Antony Blinken is scheduled to host a meeting of dozens of countries and nongovernmental organizations this year to secure commitments on vaccine sharing, Sullivan said the focus for the G-20 was on the future.
"You really have a failure of developed countries' leadership post-Covid," said Célia Belin, a visiting foreign policy fellow in the Center on the United States and Europe at the Brookings Institution. "This is going to have consequences."
Indeed, offering vaccine doses to developing countries is more than an altruistic gesture on the part of wealthy nations. The more the virus continues to circulate globally, the more likely it is to continue producing lethal variants, making it harder to end the pandemic and rendering vulnerable rich and poor alike.
Biden and his wife, Jill Biden, were greeted at the Vatican before an audience with Pope Francis on Friday. Photo / Erin Schaff, The New York Times
Since arriving in Rome, Biden has already heard a personal appeal to do more: During a meeting at the Vatican on Friday, Pope Francis pushed Biden on the issue, a senior official said afterward.
And in an open letter to the G-20, the head of the World Health Organization, Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, urged the leaders of the world's largest economies to "to help stem the pandemic by expanding access to vaccines and other tools for the people and places where these are in shortest supply."
As the summit got underway, it is also drew a melange of protesters — laid-off factory workers, climate activists, anti-globalization campaigners, unions, feminist groups, communists and some vaccine skeptics.
"There will be many of us," said Gino Orsini, a representative for the Si Cobas union, one of the organisers of a demonstration planned for Saturday to coincide with the gathering. The group is protesting what it says is the exploitation of workers by the international elite.
This year marks the 20th anniversary of the Group of 8 summit that Italy hosted in the northern city of Genoa that was marred by rioting. It is also a moment of tension between authorities and opponents of the Italian government's coronavirus vaccination requirements, which have resulted in violent clashes.
"The level of attention is maximum," said Giovanni Borrelli, a local government official, adding that 5,500 extra law enforcement officers were being deployed this weekend.
