Covid 19 coronavirus: Variant strains bring new dimension to Europe's pandemic

The threat posed by the new Covid-19 variants is prompting European governments to introduce harsh new lockdowns and curfews. Photo / AP

In the first week of December, Portugal's prime minister gave his pandemic-weary people an early Christmas gift: restrictions on gatherings and travel due to Covid-19 would be lifted from December 23-26 so they could spend the holiday season with family and friends.

Soon after those visits, the pandemic quickly got out of hand. By January 6, Portugal's number of new daily Covid-19 cases surged past 10,000 for the first time. In mid-January, with alarm bells ringing as each day brought new records of infections and deaths, the government ordered a lockdown for at least a month and a week later shut the country's schools.

But it was too little, too late. Portugal has for almost a week had the most daily cases and deaths per 100,000 people in the world, according to statistics compiled by Johns Hopkins University. Outside the country's overloaded hospitals, long lines of ambulances wait for hours to deliver their Covid-19 patients.

Portugal's problems illustrate the risk of letting down pandemic guards when a new, fast-spreading variant is lurking unseen. The pandemic's spread across Europe is increasingly being powered by an especially contagious virus mutation first detected last year in southeast England, health experts say. The threat is prompting governments to introduce harsh new lockdowns and curfews.

Viggo Andreasen, an assistant professor in mathematical epidemiology at Roskilde University, west of Copenhagen, said the new variant is a game-changer. "On the surface, things may look good, but underneath the [new] variant is looming," he told the Associated Press. "Everyone in the business knows that there is a new game on its way."

In Denmark, the variant is threatening to spin the pandemic out of control, despite relative early success in containing the spread of the virus. Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen said this month "it is a race against time" to get people vaccinated and slow the variant's progress because it is already too widespread to stop.

The National Institute for Public Health and the Environment in the Netherlands last week reported rising cases of the variant and warned it will push the number of hospital admissions and deaths higher. "There are essentially two separate Covid-19 epidemics: one epidemic involving the 'old' variant, in which infections are decreasing, and another epidemic involving the (new) variant, in which infections are increasing," it said.

The Netherlands went into a tough five-week lockdown in mid-December, closing schools and non-essential businesses as new infections spiked. Prime Minister Mark Rutte extended the lockdown by a further three weeks on January 12, citing concerns about the new variant.

Last week, the Dutch government went a step further and introduced a 9pm to 4.30am curfew as well as limiting the number of guests people can have at home to one per day.

The discovery of the new variant has prompted other EU countries to stiffen their lockdown measures. Belgium has banned all non-essential travel for residents until March, and France may soon begin the third lockdown if its 12-hour daily curfew doesn't slow the spread of new infections.

Other mutated versions of the virus have surfaced in Brazil and South Africa. The British variant will probably become the dominant source of infection in the United States by March, experts say. It has so far been reported in more than 20 states.

The US government's top infectious disease expert, Dr Anthony Fauci, says scientists are readying an upgrade for Covid-19 vaccines that will address the British and South African variants. Moderna, the maker of one of the two vaccines being used in the US, says it is beginning to test a possible booster dose against the South African version — a variant Fauci said was "even more ominous" than the British one.

Scientists are readying upgrades for Covid-19 vaccines to address the virus mutations. Photo / AP

Pfizer, which makes a similar Covid-19 vaccine, says its shot appears effective against the strain from Britain, although questions remain about the South Africa variant. Amid those fears, the United States is reinstating Covid-19 travel restrictions on non-US travellers from the United Kingdom, 26 other European countries, and Brazil, and adding South Africa to the list.

The World Health Organisation's emergencies chief said earlier this month that the agency is assessing the impact of the new variants, but warned they are also being used as scapegoats.

"It's just too easy to lay the blame on the variant and say, 'It's the virus that did it,"' Dr Michael Ryan told reporters in Geneva.

"Well, unfortunately, it's also what we didn't do that did it."