Covid 19 coronavirus: US testing labs buckling under pressure

A healthcare worker takes information from a person at a Covid-19 testing center on Tuesday, July 21, 2020, in Pleasanton, California. AP Photo / Ben Margot

Laboratories across the US are buckling under a surge of coronavirus tests, creating long processing delays that experts say are actually undercutting the pandemic response.

With the US tally of infections at 3.9 million Wednesday and new cases surging, the bottlenecks are creating problems for workers kept off the job while awaiting results, nursing homes struggling to keep the virus out and for the labs themselves, dealing with a crushing workload.

Some labs are taking weeks to return Covid-19 results, exacerbating fears that asymptomatic people could be spreading the virus if they don't isolate while they wait.

"There's been this obsession with how many tests are we doing per day" said Dr Tom Frieden, a former director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

"The question is how many tests are being done with results coming back within a day, where the individual tested is promptly isolated and their contacts are promptly warned."

Frieden and other public health experts have called on states to publicly report testing turnaround times, calling it an essential metric to measure progress against the virus.

The testing lags in the US come as the number of people confirmed to be infected globally passed a staggering 15 million on Wednesday, according to data compiled by Johns Hopkins University.

The US leads the world in cases as well as deaths, which stand at more than 142,000 nationwide. New York, once by far the US leader in infections, has been surpassed by California, though that is partly due to robust testing in a state with more than twice the population of New York.

Guidelines issued by the CDC recommend that states lifting virus restrictions have testing turnaround time under four days. The agency recently issued new recommendations against retesting most Covid-19 patients to confirm they've recovered.

"It's clogging up the system," administrator Brett Giroir, assistant health secretary, told reporters last week.

President Donald Trump in a face mask as he walks with others down a hallway during a visit to Walter Reed National Military Medical Center. AP Photo / Patrick Semansky,file

Zachrey Warner knows it all too well.

The 30-year-old restaurant server from Columbus, Ohio, had been sent home from work on July 5 with a high fever a few days after he began experiencing symptoms. He went for a test five days later at the request of his employer.

Almost two weeks later, he's still waiting.

Though Warner said most symptoms — including fever, diarrhoea, chest tightness and body aches — stopped a few days after he was tested, he hasn't been allowed to return to work without the result. On Tuesday he received an email that the results still weren't available and that he must remain quarantined through Thursday or until he gets his result.

"The story is always the same: Apparently the lab they send tests to received over 30,000 tests in a week and they're backed up," Warner said. "I've missed out on a whole pay period."

Beyond the economic hurt the testing lags can cause, they pose major health risks too.

In Florida, as the state confirmed 9785 new cases on Wednesday and the death toll rose to nearly 5500, nursing homes have been under an order to test all employees every two weeks. But long delays for results have some questioning the point.

A National Guard troop directs cars as a citizens aretested at the Covid-19 drive-thru testing center at Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens. AP Photo / David Santiago, Miami Herald

Jay Solomon, CEO of Aviva in Sarasota, a senior community with a nursing home and assisted living facility, said results were taking up to 10 days to come back.

"It's almost like, what are we accomplishing in that time?" Solomon said. "If that person is not quarantined in that 7-10 days, are they spreading without realising it?"

Test results that come back after two or three days are nearly worthless, many health experts say, because by then the window for tracing the person's contacts to prevent additional infections has essentially closed.

US officials have recently called for ramping up screening to include seemingly healthy Americans who may be unknowingly spreading the disease in their communities. But Quest Diagnostics, one of the nation's largest testing chains, said it can't keep up with demand and most patients will face waits of a week or longer for results.

Quest has urged health care providers to cut down on tests from low-priority individuals, such as those without symptoms or any contact with someone who has tested positive.

The US is testing over 700,000 people per day, up from less than 100,000 in March.

Trump administration officials point out that roughly half of US tests are performed on rapid systems that give results in about 15 minutes or in hospitals, which typically process tests in about 24 hours. But last month, that still left some 9 million tests going through laboratories, which have been plagued by limited chemicals, machines and kits to develop Covid-19 tests.

Vehicles line up at the Covid-19 drive-thru testing center at Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens as the coronavirus pandemic continues. AP Photo / David Santiago, Miami Herald

There is no scientific consensus on the rate of testing needed to control the virus in the US, which has the most cases and deaths of any nation. But experts have recommended for months that the US test at least 1 million to 3 million people daily.

Health experts assembled by the Rockefeller Foundation said last week that the US should scale up to testing 30 million Americans per week by the fall, when school reopenings and flu season are expected to further exacerbate the virus' spread. The group acknowledged that their figure will not be possible with the current laboratory-based testing system.

The National Institutes of Health has set up a "shark tank" competition to quickly identify promising rapid tests and has received more than 600 applications. The goal is to have new testing options in mass production by the fall.

Until then, the backbone of US testing remains at several hundred labs with high-capacity machines capable of processing thousands of samples per day. Many say they could be processing far more tests if not for global shortages of testing chemicals, pipettes and other materials.

Dr Bobbi Pritt of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, says the hospital's machines are running at just 20 per cent of capacity. Lab technicians run seven different Covid-19 testing formats, switching back and forth depending on the availability of supplies.

At Emory University Hospital in Atlanta, lab workers lobby testing manufacturers on a weekly basis to provide more kits, chemicals and other materials.

"There's no planning ahead, we just do as many as we can and cross our fingers that we'll get more," said Dr Colleen Kraft, who heads the hospital's testing lab.

— Webber reported from Fenton, Michigan, and Sedensky reported from Philadelphia.