A health worker receives a Covid-19 vaccine at a government Hospital in Hyderabad, India. Photo / AP
A health worker receives a Covid-19 vaccine at a government Hospital in Hyderabad, India. Photo / AP
India started inoculating health workers Saturday in what is likely the world's largest Covid-19 vaccination campaign, joining the ranks of wealthier nations where the effort is already well under way.
The country is home to the world's largest vaccine makers and has one of the biggest immunisation programmes. But there is no playbook for the enormity of the challenge.
Indian authorities hope to give shots to 300 million people, roughly the population of the US and several times more than its existing programme that targets 26 million infants.
The recipients include 30 million doctors, nurses and other front-line workers to be followed by 270 million others, who are either aged over 50 or have illnesses that make them vulnerable to Covid-19.
For workers who have pulled India's battered health care system through the pandemic, the shots offered confidence that life can start returning to normal. Many burst with pride.
"I am excited that I am among the first to get the vaccine," said nurse Gita Devi, as she lifted her left sleeve to receive the shot.
"I am happy to get an India made vaccine and we do not have to depend on others for it," said Devi, who has treated patients throughout the pandemic in a hospital in Lucknow, the capital of heartland Uttar Pradesh state.
The first dose was administered to a health worker at All Indian Institute of Medical Sciences in the capital New Delhi, after Prime Minister Narendra Modi kickstarted the campaign with a nationally televised speech.
"We are launching the world's biggest vaccination drive and it shows the world our capability," Modi said. He implored citizens to keep their guard up and not to believe any "rumours about the safety of the vaccines."
A health worker prepares to administer the Covid-19 vaccine to a hospital staff at a government Hospital in Hyderabad, India. Photo / AP
It was not clear if Modi, 70, has taken the vaccine himself like other world leaders as an example of the shot's safety. His government has said politicians will not be considered priority groups in the first phase of the rollout.
Health officials haven't specified what percentage of the nearly 1.4 billion people will be targeted by the campaign. But experts say it will almost certainly be the largest such drive globally.
The sheer scale has its obstacles. For instance, India plans to rely heavily on a digital platform to track the shipment and delivery of vaccines. But public health experts point out that the internet remains patchy in large parts of the country, and some remote villages are entirely unconnected.
Around 100 people will be vaccinated in each of the 3006 centres across the country on the first day, the Health Ministry said.
A health worker, left, prepares to administer the Covid-19 vaccine as India's vaccination effort gets underway. Photo / AP
News cameras captured the rituals of an injection across hundreds of hospitals, underscoring the pent-up hopes that vaccination was the first step in getting past the pandemic that has devastated the lives of so many Indians and bruised the country's economy.
India gave the nod for emergency use of two vaccines, one developed by Oxford University and UK-based drugmaker AstraZeneca, and another by Indian company Bharat Biotech, on January 4. Cargo planes flew 16.5 million shots to different Indian cities last week.
Health experts worry that the regulatory shortcut taken to approve the Bharat Biotech vaccine without waiting for concrete data that would show its efficacy in preventing illness from the coronavirus could amplify vaccine hesitancy. At least one state health minister has opposed its use.
India's Health Ministry has bristled at the criticism and says the vaccines are safe, but maintains that health workers will have no choice in deciding which vaccine they would get themselves.
Health workers shift a box containing Covid-19 vaccine from a vehicle to a cold storage at Civil Hospital in Ahmedabad, India. Photo / AP
According to Dr SP Kalantri, the director of a rural hospital in Maharashtra, India's worst-hit state, such an approach was worrying because he said the regulatory approval was hasty and not backed by science.
"In a hurry to be populist, the government (is) taking decisions that might not be in the best interest of the common man," Kalantri said.
Against the backdrop of the rising global Covid-19 death toll — it topped 2 million on Friday — the clock is ticking to vaccinate as many people as possible. But the campaign has been uneven.
In wealthy countries, including the United States, Britain, Israel, Canada and Germany, millions of citizens have already been given some measure of protection with at least one dose of vaccine developed with revolutionary speed and quickly authorized for use.
But elsewhere, immunisation drives have barely gotten off the ground. Many experts are predicting another year of loss and hardship in places like Iran, India, Mexico and Brazil, which together account for about a quarter of the world's deaths.
India is second to the US with 10.5 million confirmed cases, and ranks third in the number of deaths, behind the US and Brazil, with 152,000.
Over 35 million doses of various Covid-19 vaccines have been administered around the world, according to the University of Oxford.
While the majority of the Covid-19 vaccine doses have already been snapped up by wealthy countries, COVAX, a UN-backed project to supply shots to developing parts of the world, has found itself short of vaccine, money and logistical help.
As a result, the World Health Organisation's chief scientist warned it is highly unlikely that herd immunity — which would require at least 70 per cent of the globe to be vaccinated — will be achieved this year. As the disaster has demonstrated, it is not enough to snuff out the virus in a few places.
"Even if it happens in a couple of pockets, in a few countries, it's not going to protect people across the world," Dr Soumya Swaminathan said this week.
