The four-day drills will start Oct. 1 and involve a Chernobyl-like scenario where a nuclear accident at Astravets sends out a radioactive cloud helicopters monitor. Sirens will sound, warning messages will be sent to all mobile phones and the national broadcaster will report on the disaster. In some areas, rescuers and the military will evacuate. In others, volunteers playing victims will be registered, washed and given fresh clothing before being taken to safe locations for medical tests and food.
Astravets's safety record is the concern. Since construction began in 2012, there have been at least three deaths. Lithuania is worried about transparency, with some incidents initially going undisclosed, including when the 330-ton casing for the plant's atomic core slipped from a crane and plunged to the ground.
The 2,400-megawatt facility's two reactors are being built by the export arm of Russia's state-run Rosatom Corp., which also has projects in Turkey, China and Finland.
It's the same company that oversaw Russia's failed nuclear-missile test on Aug. 8. Five scientists were killed in that incident. Radiation levels spiked in the White Sea near the Arctic Circle.
Russia is providing the lion's share of Astravets's $11 billion cost via loans and will be the sole supplier of fuel. Lithuania, once part of the USSR and ruled from Moscow, refuses to purchase the electricity and wants its neighbors to refrain too.
For some in Vilnius, memories of the blast at the Chernobyl reactor in Ukraine more than 30 years ago-along with Soviet efforts to cover it up-are all too fresh. Residents will get a refresher this month when the whole of HBO's miniseries is screened in a local stadium.
"I clearly remember the day Chernobyl exploded, it's very disturbing," said Ona Rimkiene, a retired nurse. "Power plants are generally scary, but it's scarier how close this one is."
Belarus, which plans to deliver the first fuel to Astravets by Oct. 1, denies safety problems. Even so, it ignored international recommendations after the 2011 Fukushima disaster to stop building nuclear plants within 100 kilometers of major cities.
Lithuania has long complained to Europe about the threat-not least because Astravets is built on land with heightened seismic risks.
"Germany supports Lithuania that higher safety criteria must be met," Chancellor Angela Merkel told her Lithuanian counterpart at a news conference last month.
For now, Lithuania is monitoring radiation along the Belarus border and in the river that passes Astravets before reaching Vilnius. A leak could contaminate drinking water for the city's 540,000 residents.
"The probability of nuclear accidents is low," said Sandra Norbutaite, head of public safety in Vilnius. "But the consequences are catastrophic. It's best to be prepared."
