Cardinal George Pell has told a sex abuse inquiry the church has made progress but victims say its leaders still just "don't get it".
Cardinal Pell admitted the fear of scandal led to cover-up in the church but said its response had borne "very significant fruit".
He opened and closed his submission to Victoria's parliamentary inquiry into child sex abuse with an apology, saying he was "absolutely sorry".
Australia's most senior Catholic said the church should have been called earlier to deal with searing criticism that kicked off the inquiry.
"Because these charges were unanswered, many people in the public think not only were there many mistakes made a long time ago but there's been no progress at all over the last 20 years.