Johnson's career has been punctuated by jokes like these, and now that he's Prime Minister, it's important to take them more seriously than ever before — and to examine who has laughed at or along with him, and why.
These "jokes" date back some time. In a January 2002 article in the Daily Telegraph, when talking of the Queen's visit to the Commonwealth, he described black African children as "picanninies". This word is not only racist — referring to caricatures depicting black children as "nameless, shiftless natural buffoons" with "bulging eyes, unkempt hair, red lips, and wide mouths into which they stuffed huge slices of watermelon" — it's also an old term from the time when Britain was a dominant world power.
Just a month later, in the Sun — another one of Britain's most-read newspapers — Johnson wrote that "the best fate for Africa would be if the old colonial powers, or their citizens, scrambled once again in her direction". Given that some Africans who resisted British colonial rule were castrated with pliers, it isn't surprising that many people of African descent didn't consider this amusing.
Johnson's racism is nostalgic, and crucially so; it yearns for a time when his country bestrode the globe, and as a result, it resonates powerfully with so many of his fellow citizens. His persona is a carefully cultivated throwback to the days of sepia TV and Pathe News, and as we lurch towards an uncertain future, there are a sizeable minority who find it uniquely comforting: a YouGov poll, conducted in the immediate aftermath of his announcement as leader, found that 28 per cent of respondents were either pleased or delighted by the news.
But with the rhetorical track record he has, how was Johnson twice elected mayor of London, one of the world's most diverse and liberal cities, before being voted into office by a tiny percentage of the United Kingdom's population?
There are perhaps two main reasons for this grim reality. The first is that Johnson's casually racist outlook is quietly shared by a significant number of voters. Although Britain is one of the European countries where black people are least likely to experience racially motivated physical assault, it is still a country where a 2013 survey found that black people were 29 times as likely as white British people to experience discrimination when applying to live in private housing. Johnson's racism — an insidious strain that is found in a sizeable segment of British society — is one where black people know their place.
The second reason is that Johnson's breezily upbeat humour is part of a package of cast-iron confidence that many Brits find utterly intoxicating.
In the lead-up to the London 2012 Olympics, his relentlessly positive outlook captivated much of the country. In a nation where public displays of arrogance are generally frowned upon, Johnson is a beacon of defiance, a rallying cry in human form.
Yet it is interesting who much of British society and its media allows to be arrogant, and who they do not. American football star Megan Rapinoe was recently criticised by Piers Morgan, a prominent TV personality, for her demeanour following her team's recent World Cup victory. Johnson's own bluster, meanwhile, has just been lauded by the Daily Mail as "a burst of optimism" which could "bring [the country] sunshine".
Johnson and his defenders are quick to note that he's often joking when he expresses racist thoughts (much like another brash and floppy-haired leader who seems to wallow in nostalgia for a bygone racial order). But such jokes aren't harmless; the casual racism within them is not so casual, not so subconscious, and in fact deeply embedded. When Seth Stephens-Davidowitz, an American data scientist, conducted a study of what might be revealed by people's anonymous Google searches, he found a surge in searches for racist jokes on three particular occasions: in the immediate aftermath of Hurricane Katrina; during Barack Obama's first election as US President; and by about 30 per cent on Martin Luther King Jnr Day. That is to say, whenever there were leading news items that prominently featured African Americans. In this context, as an emerging body of psychology research seems to show, these are not just jokes; they are a reaffirmation of the desired social order.
Perhaps this is why Johnson's jokes may have been so effective: they place the private views of his deepest sympathisers in socially acceptable clothing.
The antidote to Johnson's jokes is to cross-examine him on his record in cold-eyed fashion, in an atmosphere resembling a trial rather than a circus. This is, after all, a man who once apparently conspired to have a journalist beaten up for providing unfavourable coverage of a friend's business affairs. Unfortunately, like President Donald Trump in the United States, Johnson has proved supremely evasive when it comes to one-on-one interviews. On two of the most notable occasions when he has made himself thus available, the results — first with Eddie Mair on the BBC on March 2013, and then Andrew Neil on the BBC this month — have been devastating for his credibility. Mair confronted him with a series of his professional misadventures, suggesting that an individual capable of such conduct was a "nasty piece of work". Meanwhile, Neil exposed Johnson's ignorance of a key principle of trade agreement law.
However, such scrutiny has been all too rare.
Johnson's jokes have partly thrived because he is well aware of whom a large part of the country, in private at least, seems to be laughing at. The most remarkable thing about his comments is that they have long been published by some of the nation's most widely read magazines and newspapers.
It is a grim thought, but Johnson's enduring popularity is suggestive of a vast cruel streak at the heart of British public life. It is the same cruel streak that made Little Britain, a mid-2000s comedy that routinely mocked the country's most marginalised people, one of the most loved shows on television.
The question is where Britain goes from here. And it will answer that by examining its role in enabling Johnson's career, one of the most successful jokes in the history of British politics. It need not laugh while doing so; in fact, given the lack of seriousness that has enabled Johnson's rise, maybe it is better if it doesn't.Washington Post
