Most people don't pay much attention to their flight numbers but they're loaded with hidden information. Photo / Jason Oxenham
From the moment we arrive at the airport until we pick up our luggage at the other end, our flight number guides us every step of the way.
But have you ever wondered what this assortment of letters and numbers means?
There's a lot of information hidden in your flight number, from the direction your plane is headed to how important that route is to the airline you're flying with.
As you should already know, the two letters at the start of the flight number denote the airline.
These two-letter codes are issued by the International Air Transport Association (IATA), the trade association for international airlines. And of course, no two airlines can have the same code.
Many seem like no-brainers. QF is Qantas, VA is Virgin Australia (Virgin Atlantic uses VS), JQ is Jetstar Australia, AA is American Airlines, BA is British Airways, NZ is Air New Zealand.
But others are a little less obvious — like WN, which is the code for Southwest Airlines, and AY, which is used by Finnair.
Wait — what?
This is why: When Southwest Airlines sought its code, SW was already taken — and is used to this day — by Air Namibia. That's because Air Namibia used to be called South West Air Transport.
Similarly, Finnair was called Aero O/Y once upon a time, which is where AY comes from.
The numbers reveal a lot more information. For starters, the lower the number, the more prestigious the route — such as Qantas' Sydney-London service, QF1.
"Airlines often give lower numbers to their more prestigious, long-distance routes," pilot Patrick Smith previously told news.com.au.
"If there's a flight 001 in an airline's timetables, it's the stuff of London-Sydney or Paris-New York."
It also matters whether your flight has an odd or even number. There are exceptions, but flights heading east or north are often given even numbers and those heading west or south are assigned odd numbers.
Qantas uses odd numbers for outbound international flights (like the London-bound QF1) and even numbers for inbound international flights (like QF44 from Denpasar to Sydney).
On Qantas flights, numbers between 1 and 399 are international flights, including codeshare, while flight numbers higher than 400 are domestic flights.
Generally, across most airlines, four-digit flight numbers beginning with a 3 or higher indicates codeshare flights operated by partners.
For example, British Airways flight BA7420 is a codeshare flight from Auckland to Sydney operated by Qantas.
Airlines have a fair bit of freedom in assigning flight numbers and some can be quite creative. American Airlines flight AA1776 from Boston to Philadelphia, for example, is said to pay tribute to the signing of the Declaration of Independence, which happened in Philadelphia in 1776.
Superstition sometimes influences numbers. Many airlines have incorporated the number 8 into their Asian routes because that number is considered lucky in many Asian cultures.
United Airlines' flight from San Francisco to Beijing, for example, is UA888.
"Lucky" numbers are sometimes also used on flights to popular gambling destinations.
Then there are the numbers airlines don't like to use.
Sometimes that's also due to superstition, which rules out "unlucky" numbers 13 and 666. Another rarely seen number is 911.
Airlines traditionally retire numbers of crashed flights. The Kuala Lumpur to Beijing route formerly flown by Malaysia Airlines flight MH370 now uses the number MH360.
United Airlines and American Airlines, which had planes hijacked in the September 11 attacks, renumbered the affected flights.
But in the absence of superstition or tragedy, flight numbers can stay with airlines for a very long time.
"Numbers can stay in use for many years, even as departure times and aircraft types may change," Mr Smith told news.com.au.
"In some cases they outlast airlines themselves. To this day, some of the flight numbers used by Delta on its European routes trace their origins back to Pan Am, whose European network was sold to Delta more than 20 years ago."
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