These selfie rules to stick to aim to curb travellers' shutter-happy accidents

Armed with a camera around wildlife, thermal areas, roads, or steep cliffs, people get a bit silly. Illustration / Mark Airs. via Getty

Are you practicing safe selfies? It might be time to examine your photo-clicking habits and put caution first. In late March, a man visiting the Grand Canyon from Hong Kong tripped while taking a photo, falling over a 1,000-foot rim to his death. According to a 2018 report in the Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 259 people died in 137 incidents between 2011 and 2017 while taking selfies.

Time and again, the smallest misstep, distraction or lapse in judgment has resulted in injury or death. To help raise awareness, the National Park Service published a guide to safe photos, and Yellowstone National Park created a pledge that people can take to protect themselves and the park. One way to practice that pledge, park officials state, is to practice safe selfies. "No picture is worth hurting yourself, others, or the park. Be aware of your surroundings whether near wildlife, thermal areas, roads, or steep cliffs," the website says.

Kathy Kupper, a spokeswoman for the Park Service, says that when people are on vacation, they may not be looking for hazards in the same way they do in their everyday lives. "We always strive to remind visitors that national parks are wild and natural places, and they are amazing, but people really need to prepare adequately and understand the hazards," she says. "We want everybody to have a great and memorable vacation and we don't want those memories to include an injury or a trip to the hospital."

With summer travel season around the bend, keep this checklist in mind for practicing safe selfies:

• Stay focused on your surroundings, not your shot. Tripping, slipping and falling, whether into water or from great heights, have all led to selfie deaths. One moment of inattention or distraction could mean the difference between life and death. "Keep your eyes focused on where you're going and where your feet are more so than what's in the viewfinder of the camera, especially if you're trying to take a selfie," Kupper says. "Make sure your feet are planted firmly before you line up the shot, and then don't move once you do that."

• Know the statistics. In 2016, Ponnurangam Kumaraguru, an associate professor with Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology (IIIT) Delhi in India, served as the principal investigator with researchers at IIIT and Carnegie Mellon University on a study called "Me, Myself and My Killfie: Characterising and Preventing Selfie Deaths." Kumaraguru, a computer scientist who is interested in following societal problems and patterns and developing solutions through technology, said he read an article about someone who died while taking a selfie and was intrigued. He lives in India, which leads the world in "killfies," the word sometimes used to talk about deaths tied to selfies. He and his team collected newspaper articles on selfie-related fatalities to document and categorise the problem. Height, water, trains and animals were the leading causes of death in the 127 cases the team studied, while electrocution and weapons also figured in. They also found that the victims were primarily young and male: The majority were 24 years old or younger, and 75.5 percent were men.

• Don't take selfish selfies. In 2016, a man was taking a selfie by the Ganges River in India when he slipped and fell in. Six others tried to save him, and all seven died after being swept away. These deaths were included in Kumaraguru's research, in which 24 of the 127 deaths were classified as group incidents. "It is not about just me trying to take a selfie and making my life dangerous, but I'm actually putting others also at risk," Kumaraguru says. Kupper points out that selfie-takers should also be respectful of their surroundings for the sake of other visitors. "When people do things for the sake of getting a picture that might disturb the habitat or the park or the resources or the animals, it hurts those who come behind them that might not have the opportunity to enjoy the same view that they did," she says.

• Stay on the beaten path. Whether you're in a national park or an urban area, stay in the places where visitors are allowed, follow any posted rules and respect barriers. Kupper says that in national parks, visitors will often try to take a short cut or hike beyond the end of a trail. "Things are laid out purposely for the protection of people visiting, and for the park itself," Kupper says. When it comes to finding the best view, she points out that designated viewpoints are often crowded for a reason: They truly do offer some of the most stunning lookouts. "We recommend you pack a little patience and know that the parks are popular destinations, so just queue up or wait for your opportunity to stand in that safe spot and get that memorable photo," she says.

• If you're close enough to a wild animal for a selfie, you're too close. In 2015, five people were gored by bison in Yellowstone National Park in a three-month period. Three of them were taking photos. Kupper says that the US Park Service advises people to stay at least 100 yards away from wildlife such as wolves and bears, and a minimum of 25 yards away from other wildlife. "Whether you're taking a picture or not, if your movements cause any type of wild animal to change what it's doing, you're too close," she says. Selfie injuries have also happened at zoos when visitors have gotten too close to animals by climbing over barriers.

• Keep both hands on the steering wheel. Kupper says that motor vehicle crashes are the most common causes of fatalities in national parks. Roads can be curvy and crowded, and wildlife could make an appearance at any time. She cautions people not to make the mistake of taking photos - selfies or otherwise - while driving. "Pull to a safe spot and take the picture that way," she says.

Travel, whether in national parks or beyond, often involves risks. But taking selfies shouldn't be one of them. "No picture, no matter how fantastic, is worth injuring yourself or others," Kupper says. Remember to be alert and aware at all times when you're on the road. And consider putting that camera away to be in the moment and enjoy the view.