The Belem neighbourhood, on the north bank of the Tagus River, was the launch pad for the great Portuguese ships and dauntless mariners who set off to discover the world beyond the horizon in the 15th and 16th centuries.
Belem, which translates as Bethlehem (the voyages had a strong religious component), has the Jeronimos monastery and church from 1601, broad gardens, and a large marble map on the riverbank showing the places the Portuguese encountered, and when, as they radiated across the globe. The Portuguese like to think of it as the ground zero of globalisation.
The Monument to the Discoveries features statues of national heroes such as Vasco da Gama. The local pastry shops sell the famous, and irresistible, Portuguese custard tarts. Across the river, next to the April 25 Bridge that bears a striking resemblance to San Francisco's Golden Gate, a giant statue of Christ overlooks the city, its arms open.
ALFAMA
The Alfama quarter is distinguished by its narrow, cobbled streets on the hillside below Lisbon castle, where archaeologists have found traces of occupation dating from the seventh century BC.
Once home to medieval Jewish and Moorish settlements, the quarter has an endearing shabbiness and lived-in feel. Walking through the quiet streets often involves ducking under washing hung out to dry and slaloming between smoky barbecues where fish is being grilled.
BAIXA
The downtown district, called the Baixa, was rebuilt after the 1755 quake in what for Portugal is a rare gridiron pattern. Many old-fashioned stores, as well as modern international chains, line the streets.
Look down at your feet and admire the footpaths decorated in the black-and-white patterns of traditional Portuguese paving, which is also found in Salvador de Bahia, Brazil and Macau, in China. Rua Augusta, a pedestrians-only street, links two main squares - Rossio and the riverside Praca do Comercio, where government offices have moved out to make way for al fresco cafes and restaurants.
CHIADO
The Chiado quarter's heyday was in the late 19th-century Belle Epoque when writers and artists gathered at its cafes. Outside the Cafe A Brasileira, a statue of Fernando Pessoa, Portugal's best-known 20th-century poet who also wrote in English, is one of the city's most-photographed sights.
A 1988 fire damaged many historic buildings. The reconstruction was overseen by Alvaro Siza Vieira, who has won the world's top architecture prizes, and the quarter has preserved its elegant, sophisticated atmosphere.
PAULA REGO MUSEUM
Paula Rego is one of Portugal's most famous modern artists. She fled Antonio Salazar's dictatorship, which ruled over Portugal for four decades in the last century, and settled in London in the 1950s but her work still draws powerfully on Portuguese culture and her childhood memories around Cascais, a seaside town just outside Lisbon where some of her work is housed.
The 30-minute train ride from the capital traces the coast's contours, with magnificent views over the Atlantic. Cascais also offers beaches and a long promenade.
- AAP
