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Architectural writer and editor John Walsh gives his guide to the best buildings to look out for on a walk around Christchurch
All cities are to some extent intentional but Christchurch, far more than most cities, didn't just happen. It was conceived in England, in the middle of the 19th century, as an Anglican settlement centred on a cathedral, bordered by a park and laid out as a rectangular grid of streets awaiting the buildings that would inevitably occur as prosperity caught up with colonial ambition.
That was the plan, and as far as the shaping of the city went, Christchurch stuck to it until February 22, 2011. Suddenly, it was time for Plan B, or more specifically the Central City Recovery Plan imposed on the post-earthquake city by the Key National Government. While God, the grid and Gothic Revival architecture had been the organising principles of Victorian Christchurch, the authors of the Recovery Plan put their faith in the "anchor projects" and "precincts".
Some of the Recovery Plan has been realised, for example, Te Omeka Justice and Emergency Services Precinct, the Hine-Pāka Bus Interchange and Tūranga, the new main library. There has also been, as hoped, much complementary construction – new commercial buildings that have filled some of the gaps in the Christchurch cityscape.
John Walsh is an architectural writer and editor and author of new book, Christchurch Architecture: A Walking Guide. Photo / Supplied
But re-construction has taken place as well, thanks to the civic-mindedness of institutions and individuals. Valuable Christchurch heritage buildings have been saved and restored. Plan B has not erased Plan A, contrary to the understandable fears of heritage campaigners and despite the loss of significant buildings such as the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament. A stroller through the CBD streets bounded by the Four Avenues can still gain an appreciation of 150 years of Christchurch architectural history.
There are 60 projects in my book Christchurch Architecture: A Walking Guide. As an introduction to the book, and to the story of Christchurch's architecture, here are six of them.
The Great Hall (1882, Rolleston Ave and Worcester St) is one of the most important buildings by Christchurch's most accomplished 19th century architect, Benjamin Mountfort. Designed in the house style – Gothic Revival – of the Anglican establishment, the basalt and limestone building formed part of Canterbury College. Now it is one of 21 heritage-listed buildings in The Arts Centre Te Matatiki Toi Ara.
The Great Hall, one of Christchurch's architectural highlights. Photo / Kevin Clarke
Old Government Building (1913, 28 Cathedral Square and Worcester St) is an outstanding example of what is called, in architecture-speak, "adaptive re-use". The building, which architect Joseph Madison gave the full Italian Renaissance treatment, was designed to house government departments. Saved from demolition in the 1990s, it now functions as the Heritage Hotel.
Christchurch's Old Government Building, now home to the Heritage Hotel and OGB bar. Photo / Nancy Zhou
65 Cambridge Terrace (1962, with later additions) was designed by Sir Miles Warren, the pre-eminent Christchurch architect of the second half of the 20th century, in his early Modernist heyday. The building, which served as both a house and the office of Warren and Mahoney, is a very legible little masterpiece of concrete beams and blocks.
Christchurch Art Gallery Te Puna o Waiwhetū, (2003, Worcester Blvd and Montreal St) is the result of an architectural competition won by The Buchan Group. The judges liked the building's wow factor gesture – the glazed west facade which suggested "the curved shapes of the Koru and the serpentine course of the Avon River".
Christchurch Art Gallery Te Puna o Waiwhetu. Photo / Nancy Zhou
Hagley Oval Pavilion (2014, South Hagley Park, 57 Riccarton Ave) was one of the first post-earthquake "anchor" projects, and its prioritising says something about the place of cricket in the culture of Christchurch – the first club was founded in 1851. The pavilion, designed by Athfield Architects, is topped by a series of tent-like, fabric roof forms.
Tūranga (2018, 60 Cathedral Square), the central Christchurch library, is an "anchor" project that puts down a high-quality civic marker on Cathedral Square. The five-storey building, designed by Danish firm Schmidt Hammer Lassen Architects, together with Architectus and the Matapopore Trust, is distinguished by a generous central stairway expressing the concept of whakamanuhiri, the bringing-in of visitors.
Christchurch Architecture: A Walking Guide John Walsh, with photography by Patrick Reynolds. Massey University Press, 2020
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