The Transport Accident Investigation Commission (TAIC) is investigating how a train derailed near the Rangitīkei town of Hunterville on Monday night.
The train, which had been travelling in heavy rain, is believed to have derailed around 11.30pm.
Early indications suggested the derailment occurred after flooding damaged the track, the commission said.
According to KiwiRail, the incident caused 12 wagons to derail and a number of others to be overturned. A second locomotive travelling with the wagons remained on the track.