Cattle yards outside of Rockhampton, Central Queensland. Photo / Supplied by QAAFI
Cattle yards outside of Rockhampton, Central Queensland. Photo / Supplied by QAAFI
A strong association between the genes influencing cattle temperament and autism in humans has been discovered by University of Queensland researchers.
UQ genomic expert Professor Ben Hayes said the research by his interdisciplinary team headed by Dr Roy Costilla could lead to improved animal welfare and meat quality.
"The research doesn't mean that cattle have autism; rather that cattle share an overlap of genes with humans which are critical in brain function and response to fear stimuli," Hayes said.
Temperament is an important trait for day-to-day management of cattle, Hayes said.
"We knew that genetic factors were likely to influence temperament in cattle, and we thought that genes involved in behavioural traits in humans could also influence temperament in cattle.
"We found that genes known to contribute to autism spectrum disorders also influence temperament in cattle."
Hayes said the results were important as it opened the way for research conducted on behavioural traits in humans to shed further light on temperament in cattle.
"As I've found talking to farmers over the years, it can be distressing having an animal that has a poor temperament in the mob, and stirs up all the other cattle putting them into a state of stress," he said.
"If we can identify those animals early, or breed to eliminate them, we can potentially reduce the stress of the whole mob."
The results had great implications for welfare, Hayes said.
"Not only of the cattle, but also the people handling the cattle who are less likely to be charged or kicked."
There was an association between a calmer temperament in cattle and better meat quality, Hayes said.
The cattle industry's standard for measuring temperament is 'flight time' – "the speed in which cattle move after release from an enclosure," Hayes explained.
"What a producer wants is cattle that move calmly and slowly from the enclosure, rather than an animal that charges out in an aggressive or stressed state."
"Our study found flight time is about 35 per cent heritable, which is very significant."
"It means you can make a lot of progress by breeding for better temperament – it's about the same as milk production in dairy cattle, and we've made big breeding gains there."
University of Queensland's Professor Ben Hayes, Director Centre for Animal Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation. Photo / Supplied QAAFI
The same genes were identified in other genomic research conducted on domestication of foxes, Hayes said.
"Some DNA variants in those genes are more common in people with autism and, in cattle, some DNA variants in those same genes are found to make the cattle more fearful in new situations and have a reactive temperament."
It's the first time whole genome sequencing has been used to analyse temperament in beef cattle.
Researchers looked at 28 million data points per animal on the 9,000 cattle with temperament records in the initial study, and then validated the results in over 80,000 cattle from Ireland.
Hayes said his team would incorporate the temperament data into a panel of markers available for producers that would also provide breeding values for fertility.
"It means a producer will be able to use a sample of tail hair which contains DNA to quickly get information on the genetic value of their animals for temperament and fertility."
The temperament analysis was conducted primarily in northern cattle Bos indicus breeds and was validated in Bos taurus cattle.
The study was a result of strong cooperation between Australian researchers, the beef industry and international collaborators from Ireland and Brazil.
