He has been following the trajectory of myrtle rust since it was first found in New Zealand in 2017 and was involved in identifying the first (and northern-most) find on Raoul Island.
"Because I knew Lophomyrtus to be particularly susceptible to myrtle rust, I took a closer look," he said.
There were clear signs of infection – tiny yellow pustules (structures containing spores) were present on new leaves and the disease was also on parts of the stem.
"It looks like the infection was quite recent," Havell said.
"In my experience, plants that have sustained prolonged infection often present with dead stems. In this case, only the leaves had sustained damage, although there were spores on some of the stems."
Myrtle rust, which is caused by the fungus Austropuccinia psidii, infects many of New Zealand's native plants, including pōhutukawa, mānuka, ramarama, rōhutu, rātā and swamp maire. Bad infections can be deadly.
Environment Canterbury was quick to deploy biosecurity officers to confirm the finding. It conducted a local search for susceptible plants, door-to-door surveys of surrounding houses, and a mail drop of information pamphlets.
"We haven't turned up any additional infections," says Laurence Smith, principal biosecurity advisor at Environment Canterbury.
"We plan to have another survey in late spring when myrtle rust is more active."
The disease is most frequently seen across the North Island and the top of the South Island, and Christchurch has generally been considered a low-risk environment for myrtle rust, which thrives in warm, moist areas.
However, Robert Beresford and Rebecca Campbell, researchers from Plant & Food Research, conducted a weather risk analysis for Christchurch for the months preceding the report, and found conditions in the area were suitable on some occasions during summer and autumn.
"Weather conditions were favourable for myrtle infection on 25 individual days during summer and early autumn with a period of particularly high risk in late February and early March," said Robert.
The weather conditions in this period was similar to the previous year when local spread of rust was not observed.
Beresford suspected a slow build-up of undetected spores over many months paired with periods of favourable weather resulted in an infection.
"Rust is likely to be establishing in Christchurch and can be expected to be seen more often from now on," said Beresford.
ECan is keen to know whether this is the case. He asks that the public please report any findings of myrtle rust on iNaturalist and to especially keep an eye out from next spring.
"We'd like to know where this infection came from and if there are any more infections out there," Smith says.
If you think you've seen myrtle rust, report your discovery on iNaturalist. More information about myrtle rust can be found here.
- starnews.co.nz
