Janet and Phil Smith are developing their Maniototo farm to finish lamb and beef to chase premiums in programmes supplying high-value markets. Photo / Shawn McAvinue
Janet and Phil Smith have transformed their farm in the Maniototo into a successful business finishing lamb and beef for high-value markets. A field day on their farm showcased the evolution of a farm system adding value to red meat. Otago Daily Times’ Shawn McAvinue reports.
Phil and Janet Smith are developing their Maniototo farm to finish lamb and beef to chase premiums in programmes supplying high-value markets.
More than 70 people attended a Beef + Lamb Central Otago farming-for-profit field day on the more than 1000ha farm Cairnhill in Becks last week.
Janet said Cairnhill was originally part of Blackstone Hill Station.
Part of the station on both sides of Manuherikia and Ida Valley was bought by the McKnight family in the early 1900s.
Her step-grandfather, Gordon McKnight, started farming on the Manuherikia Valley side in the 1930s.
He bought some land on the other side of Manuherikia River in the 1970s and farmed Cairnhill with his son Colin.
“Colin gave us the opportunity to come home and farm with him in 2005 ... We only got to have one year of farming with Colin before he passed away,” Smith said.
Smith said they moved away from wintering dairy cows to finishing their own calves, mostly heifers - “because steer calves are easier to sell in the autumn”.
Originally about 400 heifers were grazed on Cairnhill but they reduced the number by half to allow them to finish more beef cattle.
Other developments included buying a neighbouring hill block in Ida Valley, which was once part of the original farm owned by the McKnight family.
A Romney ewe flock was originally run on Cairnhill.
The purchase of the Dunback block included a mob of Perendale sheep.
All of the Perendales were moved to Cairnhill to breed a sheep with more hybrid vigour, better suited to living on a hill.
Other developments included introducing a sheep breeding system designed by Headwaters - a partnership set out to breed ewes with higher levels of fat to thrive in the hill country, resulting in a lamb product with high levels of intramuscular fat.
Since being with Headwaters, the performance of the ewe flock had improved.
The original Romdale flock lambed at about 125 per cent.
Now, the Headwaters ewes scanned at about 175 per cent, not including triplets.
Lambing was at about 160 per cent with no input at lambing.
The feeding included a Lumina lamb finishing system including crops such as chicory and red clover to lift the health properties in the meat, including Omega-3 fatty acids and polyunsaturated fats, so they could target premium markets.
“We’ve put huge emphasis around meat quality at the cost of some growth rate but we get paid for the consistency of meat quality.”
All male lambs had to be wethered.
“That’s non-negotiable.”
At Cairnhill, lambs were put on the chicory at pre-weaning before Christmas and finished through to May.
The lambs had to be on the chicory and red clover mix for 35 days before being killed.
Headwaters finishing specialist Tara Dwyer said there were lots of options for Headwaters farmers.
“You can be a breeder-finisher, just a finisher or a breeder and sell stores - it’s handy having options when you farm in an environment like this.”
The Headwaters meat was sold directly to restaurants across the world, who enjoyed the “beautiful” eating quality of the meat.
“That’s the feedback we are getting from chefs around the world.”
Most of the mixed-age cows in the beef system were at Dunback.
Heifers were calved twice at the Cairnhill - first calvers on the flat and second calvers on the hill with the older cows - and were wintered in Dunback each year.
About 120 heifer calves were retained and wintered and of those, about 30 and mostly Charolais, were sold in spring.
The rest were retained and finished prior to their second winter.
They finished their cattle for two Alliance Group programmes - AngusPure and Handpicked - both of which paid a premium for the carcass weight and meat quality characteristics.
Alliance Group central South Island livestock manager Jamie Saker said AngusPure required Angus cattle to be finished between 245kg and 270kg carcass weight for a 10c/kg premium and between 270kg and 370kg for a 30c/kg premium.
Both programmes assessed the meat for qualities including marbling, fat cover, meat cover and pH levels.
For the first season, 35 of their Angus heifers were artificially inseminated with Wagyu semen. Also, another 50 Hereford-Friesian cross heifers were bought and artificially inseminated with Wagyu semen.
The Angus heifers were followed up with an Angus “chaser” bull.
Last season, he bought another 50 Angus heifers from Canterbury to have artificially inseminated with Wagyu semen.
Cairnhill supplied cattle to Southern Stations Wagyu.
Southern Stations Wagyu lower South Island livestock procurement Bryce Ferguson, of Te Anau, said Southern Stations Wagyu was started in 2018.
Steers and heifers were purchased off the farmer at weaning for $4/kg.
On average, cattle on the hook weighed about 390kg and had a marbling score of nearly five.
They were targeting marbling scores of six, and no higher, to meet market demand.
Cattle were processed in New Zealand and sent to Australia for distribution, including to markets in China and North America and “top-end” restaurants in Australia.
None of the meat remained in New Zealand.
Southern Stations Wagyu owned nearly 20,000 cattle and up to 7000 cattle were killed a year.
About 130 cattle were processed each week this year - about twice the amount as last year, he said.
For cattle to enter any of its feedlots, it had to weigh 550kg or heavier.
“Our best feeders get the cattle there before the second winter, but we’ve noticed the cattle grade better if they’ve been wintered twice so we push for that.”