El Nino is the warm phase of the El Nino /La Nina Southern Oscillation that occurs across the tropical Pacific Ocean roughly every five years. Photo / Getty
El Nino is the warm phase of the El Nino /La Nina Southern Oscillation that occurs across the tropical Pacific Ocean roughly every five years. Photo / Getty
The Pacific is due to get a dramatic shift in weather over the next 12 months as it moves from a triple dip La Nina event to the opposite direction.
The region is forecast to experience an El Nino event, while some scientists have already said it has started.
La Nina is the cooling phase whereas El Nino is the warming phase of the waters in the eastern Pacific, off the coast of South America.
Niwa meteorologist Ben Noll said it means high levels of rainfall are likely for some places like Kiribati - that has been in a long drought - while parts of the western Pacific like Papua New Guinea should be drier than normal.
“The patterns that we’ve experienced the last three years are probably not a good indication of the types of patterns in terms of rainfall and temperatures that we would expect to see in the coming say six to 12 months,” Noll said.
He said there is also a higher chance of more cyclones in the southwest Pacific, with the risk increasing east of Fiji but reducing in the west.
This map shows the converse rainfall New Zealand traditionally receives in El Nino and La Nina events. Image / Niwa
Cyclone Winston, which was the most intense tropical cyclone in the Southern Hemisphere on record, hit Fiji in February 2016 during an El Nino event.
“We tend to see a higher number and in fact, in 1997/98, that was the most active tropical cyclone season in modern records for the southwest Pacific.
“That was a strong El Nino and there are some similarities with the developing El Nino,” he said.
Good news and bad for Kiribati
In June 2022, the Kiribati Government declared a state of disaster due to the drought.
Kiribati Meteorological Service director Uneta Tooiua said the country has experienced below-normal rainfall since mid-2020 - a symptom of La Nina.
“It is quite a long period of time and the impact of the drought is quite severe throughout the country, affecting quite a number of communities on the islands.”
RNZ Pacific reported in March that in Arorae, Kiribati well water, which people drink, was becoming brackish and the tops of coconut trees were falling off.
“El Nino means good news in terms of the drought,” Tooiua said.
“But in terms of storms it’s more likely that there will be more severe storms affecting Kiribati during the El Nino event.”
Palau, on the east side of the tropical Pacific, can expect very dry conditions.
Staff meteorologist at the Palau National Weather Service, Kikuko Mochimaru, said El Nino was a concern.
