The human harm of American football's big hits

The violence of gridiron football, with its macho culture and thunderous "hits", has long since helped the sport replace baseball as America's national pastime.

But the suicide of a player from the University of Pennsylvania has raised a new fear - that the head injuries and concussions, now finally recognised as a major danger by the professional National Football League, are a big risk in hugely popular college and high school football as well.

Owen Thomas, at 1.9m and weighing 108kg, took his own life after a sudden and uncharacteristic bout of depression.

Doctors subsequently found that his brain tissue displayed early signs of CTE, or chronic traumatic encephalopathy, a disease found among a disproportionate number of NFL veterans and whose only known cause is repeated traumas to the head.

Thomas, according to the New York Times yesterday, is the youngest player, and the first amateur, diagnosed with CTE. And while specialists admit one case on its own - especially at colleges where suicides for other reasons are far from unknown - does not prove CTE was the direct cause of his death, the circumstantial evidence is strong.

Every year, it is reckoned, more than 50,000 high school football players, aged between 14 and 18, suffer a concussion, which is especially dangerous when the brain is still growing.

College players are at least as vulnerable, in a sport where no quality has been more admired than the ability to shrug off injury and play through pain.

Thomas was said to be a highly popular member of the team who had played three years at high school before going to UPenn, where he enrolled as an undergraduate in the prestigious Wharton School of Business.

As his mother said, "He loved to hit people, he loved to go into practice and hit really hard ... It's kind of sad. We all love football. We all love watching. We all love those great hits."

For years the NFL tried to play down the possibility those hits could cause brain damage. But events have forced it to accept that the jarring collisions that enhance the sport's appeal can come at unacceptable cost, even for an industry whose star performers earn US$10 million ($13.6 million) or more a year.

First, several studies showed CTE and its ensuing mental disorders are disproportionately high among former NFL players.

Then last December 26-year-old Cincinnati Bengals player Chris Henry died. He had never suffered a concussion, but an autopsy found he too suffered from CTE.

This season posters bluntly headlined "Concussion" were displayed in every team dressing room, urging players to report anyone they suspected might be suffering.

So popular is football in the United States it is unlikely to go the way of boxing, whose decline is inextricably linked to proof of brain damage. But the case of Owen Thomas underscores a risk that seems to run throughout the sport.

- INDEPENDENT