Leicester, who suffered a humiliating 80-12 loss away to holders Toulouse in the European Champions Cup last weekend, contributed hugely to a game of nine tries.
The match was decided by a third quarter in which Gloucester, who are winning plaudits for their attacking game, scored 21 unanswered points.
Argentina first five Santiago Carreras enjoyed a match haul of 18 points, including a try, for the Cherry and Whites. Wales halfback Tomos Williams, Scotland centre Chris Harris, hooker Seb Blake and flanker Jack Clement also crossed Leicester’s line.
Victory lifted Gloucester into third in the table, a place above Leicester. The top four at the end of the regular season contest the title-deciding playoffs.
“We have got to be real about the challenge, but with the rugby we are putting on the field, we are capable of winning the Premiership,” insisted Gloucester boss George Skivington.
In today’s other Premiership match, Exeter recorded only their second league win of the season as they beat Saracens 31-22.
Saracens, without a raft of players due to injuries and Six Nations call-ups, including new England captain Maro Itoje, led early on but lost lock Harry Wilson to a red card eight minutes from time as they missed a chance to go second on the table, behind Bath.
Exeter outscored Saracens four tries to three, with Jack Innard, Will Rigg, Tommy Wyatt and Ethan Roots all touching down for the southwest side.