NZRU general manager of professional rugby Neil Sorensen said Penney had developed a winning mentality at Canterbury.
"Rob has built a reputation for turning young Canterbury sides, with many players away on All Blacks duty, into championship winning teams. He has proven his ability to get the best out of our future star,'' he said.
A panel consisting of NZRU board member and former All Blacks captain Graham Mourie, NZRU high performance player development manager Paul MacKinnon and high performance coach development manager Mike Chu made the appointment.
An NZRU press release stated that this year's coaches Mark Anscombe and Jason O'Halloran were not considered for reappointment, a consistent policy because the role is considered key to the development of coaches.
Forty seven players have been selected to join a New Zealand Under-20 development camp in Palmerston North from November 21-28.
The Under 20 development camp players are: Gafatasi Su'a (Auckland), Ofa Tuungafasi (Auckland), Junior Tofa-Va'a (Auckland), Sean Brookman (Auckland), Albert Nikoro (Auckland), Malakai Fekitoa (Auckland), Milford Keresoma (Auckland), Jordan Lay (Auckland), Jake Heenan (Auckland), Michigan Lam (Auckland), Bryn Hall (Auckland), Nathan Harris (Bay of Plenty), Jeff Thwaites (Bay of Plenty), Martin Swart (Canterbury), Jordan Taufua (Canterbury), Nick Ross (Canterbury), James Schrader (Canterbury), Taniela Manu (Canterbury), Jimmy Tupou (Counties Manukau), Ihaia West (Hawke's Bay), Rhys Marshall (Hawke's Bay), Michael Gardner (Manawatu), Tepasu Thomas (Manawatu), Hamish Northcott (Manawatu), Mac Sykes (Northland), Glenn Preston (North Harbour), Jack Whetton (North Harbour), Pita Ahki (North Harbour), Soloman T.Pole (Otago), Hugh Blake (Otago), Scott Eade (Southland), Michael Fatialofa (Southland), Martin McKenzie (Southland), Tuki Raimona (Southland), Reuben Northover (Tasman), James Lowe (Tasman), Mike Wells (Tasman), Jamison Gibson-Park (Taranaki), Jacob Proctor (Waikato), Eli Atkins (Waikato), Haami Martin (Waikato), Fraser Armstrong (Waikato), Joe Latta (Wellington), Christian Lloyd (Wellington), Ope Peleseuma (Wellington), Matt Proctor (Wellington), Eric Sione (Wellington)