England face the alarming prospect of entering the 2015 Rugby World Cup without players battle-hardened by European competition after their clubs said they would be missing from next season's Heineken Cup.
Premiership Rugby declared yesterday it was "pursuing other options" after owners and chief executives from all 12 top-flight teams said they would not take part in the European competition.
In a repeat of 1998-99, the decision leaves England's clubs isolated from the rest of Europe from next season.
Premier Rugby chief executive Mark McCafferty refused to detail the other options, but an expanded premiership with championship or Welsh sides or a competition involving South African provinces are possibilities.
The development will be viewed by England head coach Stuart Lancaster as the worst-case scenario, as no replacement will match the intensity of the Heineken Cup months before the sport's showpiece begins.