Marquez dominated the German MotoGP last month in Sachsenring, finishing ahead of compatriot Pedrosa with former double world champion Jorge Lorenzo in third.
With the victory, the 21-year-old Marquez surpassed Mike Hailwood as the youngest rider to win nine consecutive races. Hailwood did it in 1964.
Riders will notice some improvements to the Indianapolis 500 track for this weekend's race after critics said last year it was too bumpy.
"The improvements are quite big," said Yamaha's Valentino Rossi.
"A lot of bumps seem to be gone and the new surface looks a lot better."
Crowd favourite Nicky Hayden, of the US, will not race on Sunday as he is still recovering from wrist surgery.
"You hate to miss your home race," Hayden said. "The surgery went well."
Meanwhile, 27-year-old Lorenzo on Thursday signed a new two-year deal with Yamaha which will keep him at the team until 2016.
"I am very proud to have reached this agreement with Yamaha because it was always my priority and I want to end my career with them," said Lorenzo, the 2010 and 2012 world champion.
"I had a lot of problems in the first half of the year but I think that we can learn from this and come back stronger."
Lorenzo is currently in fifth place in the world championship, 128 points behind Marquez.
-AAP