Now the dealing is done, who will profit the most in the coming months in the Premier League?
The maths ...
Bookmakers have framed the betting market in line with net spend, so Manchester City are a best-price 7-5 to win the title after investing 130.9 million ($236.3m), Manchester United are next (9-4 after parting with 127 million), with Chelsea third at 11-2 with 74.5 million. But there is no dramatic change in the odds there, and the spending obsession can now cease.
Problems solved
City now sport an abundance of attacking full-backs - Pep Guardiola's dream - and two international midfields. A new goalkeeper (Ederson) puts paid to the doomed Claudio Bravo experiment. Chelsea have added strength at centre-back and replaced Nemanja Matic with two good central midfielders, Tiemoue Bakayoko and Danny Drinkwater. United worked chiefly on their spine, with Matic, Victor Lindelof and Romelu Lukaku. Liverpool gained at left-back (Andrew Robertson), midfield (Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain). Mohamed Salah, who could make himself an Anfield idol. Spurs found a dependable striker to support Harry Kane with Fernando Llorente's late signing. With Kyle Walker sold, they also now have two fine right-backs: Serge Aurier and Kieran Trippier. Even Arsenal made one significant addition, in attack. Alexandre Lacazette is no slouch.