They then amassed 553-3 declared in reply, with Michael Papps (316 not out) and Luke Woodcock (151) putting on a New Zealand first-class record opening stand of 432.
Another record fell at Mt Maunganui, with Central Districts middle-order batsman Brad Schmulian scoring 203.
His knock - which took just 207 balls and featured 34 boundaries, three of them sixes - surpassed the previous highest score on debut in New Zealand first-class cricket of 175 set in the 1880-81 season.
It helped CD to 313-7 declared, in reply to Northern Districts 439-5 declared.
At stumps on day three of a rain-affected match, Northern were 17-1, a lead of 143 runs.
At Hagley Oval, Otago were 192-2 in their second innings at stumps on the third day, needing 47 more runs to defeat defending champions Canterbury.